Rustfmt

Update Cargo.toml
Nudge version
2025-12-31 17:00:44 +00:00 · 2024-12-10 17:41:50 -08:00 · 2023-06-02 21:04:12 -07:00 · 2023-06-02 20:37:44 -07:00 · 2023-06-02 11:06:53 -07:00 · 2023-06-02 09:53:23 -07:00
29 changed files with 2353 additions and 1160 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: "[Bug] __Enter a title here__"
+labels: bug
+assignees: iluvcapra
+
+---
+
+**Describe the bug**
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**Expected behavior**
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+
+**Example Code**:
+```rust
+// Give an example of code that is failing here.
+```
+
+**Platform**:
+ - OS
+ - `rustc` version: ____ (from `rustup -V`)
+ - Host: ____ (from `rustup show` e.g. x86_64-apple-darwin)
+ - Rust toolchain: ____ (e.g. stable-x86_64-apple-darwin)
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context about the problem here.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: "[Feature] __Name the Feature__"
+labels: enhancement
+assignees: iluvcapra
+
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like:**
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Code Example:**
+```rust
+// Give an example of how you would like your feature to work.
+```
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered:**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context:**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
--- a/.github/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -11,13 +11,32 @@ env:

 jobs:
  build:
-
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
 #     - name: Install ffmpeg
 #       run: sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
+    - name: clippy-check
+      # You may pin to the exact commit or the version.
+      # uses: LoliGothick/clippy-check@9cd01de4387f9c644b6489355bcff686da6a00f2
+      uses: LoliGothick/clippy-check@v0.2.11
+      with:
+        # GitHub token
+        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        # Arguments for the `cargo clippy` command
+        # options: # optional
+        # Sequence of lint warnings (without `clippy::` prefix)
+#         warn: # optional
+#         # Sequence of lint allowed (without `clippy::` prefix)
+#         allow: # optional
+#         # Sequence of lint denied (without `clippy::` prefix)
+#         deny: # optional
+#         # Sequence of lint forbidden (without `clippy::` prefix)
+#         forbid: # optional
+#         # Display name of the created GitHub check. Must be unique across several LoliGothick/clippy-check invocations.
+#         name: # optional, default is clippy
+#         # working directory where to execute `cargo clippy`.
+#         working-directory: # optional, default is .
    - name: Create Test Media
      run: cd tests; sh create_test_media.sh
    - name: Build
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,10 +1,40 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ansi_term"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ee49baf6cb617b853aa8d93bf420db2383fab46d314482ca2803b40d5fde979b"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atty"
+version = "0.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
+dependencies = [
+ "hermit-abi",
+ "libc",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "1.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bwavfile"
-version = "0.9.2"
+version = "2.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "byteorder",
+ "clap",
+ "dasp_sample",
 "encoding",
 "serde_json",
 "uuid",
@@ -12,9 +42,30 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
-version = "1.3.4"
+version = "1.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08c48aae112d48ed9f069b33538ea9e3e90aa263cfa3d1c24309612b1f7472de"
+checksum = "14c189c53d098945499cdfa7ecc63567cf3886b3332b312a5b4585d8d3a6a610"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap"
+version = "2.33.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "37e58ac78573c40708d45522f0d80fa2f01cc4f9b4e2bf749807255454312002"
+dependencies = [
+ "ansi_term",
+ "atty",
+ "bitflags",
+ "strsim",
+ "textwrap",
+ "unicode-width",
+ "vec_map",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dasp_sample"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c87e182de0887fd5361989c677c4e8f5000cd9491d6d563161a8f3a5519fc7f"

 [[package]]
 name = "encoding"
@@ -81,10 +132,25 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a246d82be1c9d791c5dfde9a2bd045fc3cbba3fa2b11ad558f27d01712f00569"

 [[package]]
-name = "itoa"
-version = "0.4.6"
+name = "hermit-abi"
+version = "0.1.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dc6f3ad7b9d11a0c00842ff8de1b60ee58661048eb8049ed33c73594f359d7e6"
+checksum = "62b467343b94ba476dcb2500d242dadbb39557df889310ac77c5d99100aaac33"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itoa"
+version = "0.4.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b71991ff56294aa922b450139ee08b3bfc70982c6b2c7562771375cf73542dd4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.103"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd8f7255a17a627354f321ef0055d63b898c6fb27eff628af4d1b66b7331edf6"

 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
@@ -94,15 +160,15 @@ checksum = "71d301d4193d031abdd79ff7e3dd721168a9572ef3fe51a1517aba235bd8f86e"

 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.117"
+version = "1.0.130"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b88fa983de7720629c9387e9f517353ed404164b1e482c970a90c1a4aaf7dc1a"
+checksum = "f12d06de37cf59146fbdecab66aa99f9fe4f78722e3607577a5375d66bd0c913"

 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.59"
+version = "1.0.68"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dcac07dbffa1c65e7f816ab9eba78eb142c6d44410f4eeba1e26e4f5dfa56b95"
+checksum = "0f690853975602e1bfe1ccbf50504d67174e3bcf340f23b5ea9992e0587a52d8"
 dependencies = [
 "itoa",
 "ryu",
@@ -110,7 +176,56 @@ dependencies = [
 ]

 [[package]]
-name = "uuid"
-version = "0.8.1"
+name = "strsim"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9fde2f6a4bea1d6e007c4ad38c6839fa71cbb63b6dbf5b595aa38dc9b1093c11"
+checksum = "8ea5119cdb4c55b55d432abb513a0429384878c15dde60cc77b1c99de1a95a6a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "textwrap"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d326610f408c7a4eb6f51c37c330e496b08506c9457c9d34287ecc38809fb060"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.1.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ed742d4ea2bd1176e236172c8429aaf54486e7ac098db29ffe6529e0ce50973"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "uuid"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bc5cf98d8186244414c848017f0e2676b3fcb46807f6668a97dfe67359a3c4b7"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "vec_map"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "bwavfile"
-version = "0.9.2"
-authors = ["Jamie Hardt <jamiehardt@me.com>"]
+version = "2.0.1"
+authors = ["Jamie Hardt <jamiehardt@me.com>", "Ian Hobson <ian.r.hobson@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "MIT"
 description = "Rust Wave File Reader/Writer with Broadcast-WAV, MBWF and RF64 Support"
@@ -15,9 +15,13 @@ keywords = ["audio", "broadcast", "multimedia","smpte"]

 [dependencies]
 byteorder = "1.3.4"
+dasp_sample = "0.11.0"
 encoding = "0.2.33"
-serde_json = "1.0.59"
 uuid = "0.8.1"
+clap = "2.33.3"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+serde_json = "1.0.61"

 [profile.release]
 debug = true
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License

-Copyright (c) 2020 Jamie Hardt
+Copyright (c) 2021 Jamie Hardt

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,68 +1,53 @@
 [![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/bwavfile)](LICENSE)
 [![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/bwavfile)](https://crates.io/crates/bwavfile/)
 ![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/iluvcapra/bwavfile)
-[![GitHub Workflow Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/iluvcapra/bwavfile/Rust)](https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile/actions?query=workflow%3ARust)
+[![GitHub Workflow Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/iluvcapra/bwavfile/rust.yml?branch=master)](https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile/actions?query=workflow%3ARust)

 # bwavfile
-Rust Wave File Reader/Writer with Broadcast-WAV, MBWF and RF64 Support
+Wave File Reader/Writer library in Rust, with Broadcast-WAV, RF64 and production metadata support

-### Features

-This is currently a work-in-progress! However many features presently work:
+## Features

-| Feature                               |Read |Write|
-|---------------------------------------|:---:|:-----:|
-| Standard .wav files                   | ☑️   | ☑️   |
-| Transparent promotion to RF64/BW64    | ☑️   | ☑️   |
-| Unified interface for regular and extended Wave format | ☑️   | ☑️   |
-| Channel/speaker map metadata          | ☑️   | ☑️   |
-| Ambisonic B-format metadata           | ☑️   | ☑️   |
-| EBU Broadcast-WAVE metadata           | ☑️   | ☑️   |
-| Basic iXML/ADM metadata               | ☑️   | ☑️   |
-| Enhanced iXML metadata support        |     |     |
-| ADM `chna` channel metadata           |     |     |
-| Broadcast-WAVE Level overview `levl` metadata     |    |    |
-| Cue list metadata                     | ☑️   |     |
-| Sampler and instrument metadata       |     |     |
-| Enhanced Wave file form validation    | ☑️   |     |
+__bwavfile__ provides a reader `WaveReader` and writer type `WaveWriter` for 
+reading and creating new wave audio files.
+
+`WaveReader` and `WaveWriter` support:
+  * A unified interface for standard RIFF and RF64/BW64 64-bit Wave files.
+  * When using `WaveWriter`, wave files are transparently upgraded from RIFF
+    to RF64 when required.
+  * Unpacked reading and writing of Integer PCM and IEEE float audio data 
+    formats.
+  * A unified interface for standard `WaveFormat` and extended `WaveFormatEx`
+    wave data format.
+
+The library has extensive metadata support, with emphasis on film and video 
+production metadata:
+  * Broadcast-Wave metadata extension, including long description, originator, 
+		SMPTE UMID and coding history.
+  * Reading and writing of embedded iXML and axml/ADM metadata.
+  * Reading and writing of timed cues and and timed cue regions.
+  * Multichannel, surround, and ambisonic audio data description including 
+    surround channel maps, ADM `AudioTrackFormat`, `AudioChannelFormatRef` and 
+    `AudioPackRef` data structures.
+
+
+## Feature Roadmap
+
+Some features that may be included in the future include:
+  * Broadcast-Wave `levl` waveform overview data reading and writing.
+  * Sampler and Instrument metadata.
+  * Performance improvements.


 ## Use Examples

-### Reading Audio Frames From a File
-
-```rust
-
- use bwavfile::WaveReader;
- let mut r = WaveReader::open("tests/media/ff_silence.wav").unwrap();
- 
- let format = r.format().unwrap();
- assert_eq!(format.sample_rate, 44100);
- assert_eq!(format.channel_count, 1);
- 
- let mut buffer = format.create_frame_buffer();
- let mut frame_reader = r.audio_frame_reader().unwrap();
- 
- let read = frame_reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap();
- 
- assert_eq!(buffer, [0i32]);
- assert_eq!(read, 1);
-```
-
-### Accessing Channel Descriptions
-
-```rust
- use bwavfile::{WaveReader, ChannelMask};
- 
- let mut f = WaveReader::open("tests/media/pt_24bit_51.wav").unwrap();
-    
- let chans = f.channels().unwrap();
- assert_eq!(chans[0].index, 0);
- assert_eq!(chans[0].speaker, ChannelMask::FrontLeft);
- assert_eq!(chans[3].index, 3);
- assert_eq!(chans[3].speaker, ChannelMask::LowFrequency);
- assert_eq!(chans[4].speaker, ChannelMask::BackLeft);
-```
+  * [blits](examples/blits.rs) shows how to use `WaveWriter` to create a new
+    file with BLITS alignment tones.
+  * [wave-inter](examples/wave-inter.rs) uses `WaveReader` and `WaveWriter` to
+    interleave several input Wave files into a single polyphonic Wave file.
+  * [wave-deinter](examples/wave-deinter.rs) uses `WaveReader` and `WaveWriter`
+    to de-interleave an input Wave file into several monoarual Wave files.

 ## Note on Testing

@@ -71,8 +56,4 @@ in zipped form. Before you can run tests, you need to `cd` into the `tests`
 directory and run the `create_test_media.sh` script. Note that one of the 
 test files (the RF64 test case) is over four gigs in size.

-Likewise, [the RF64 _writing_ test case][rf64test] writes an RF64 wave file 
-to memory and is very time-intensive, so is commented-out in the code but 
-can be un-commented if you want to run it on your system. 
-
 [rf64test]: https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile/blob/1f8542a7efb481da076120bf8107032c5b48889d/src/wavewriter.rs#L399
--- a/bwavefile.code-workspace
+++ b/bwavefile.code-workspace
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{
-	"folders": [
-		{
-			"path": "."
-		}
-	],
-	"settings": {}
-}
--- a/examples/blits.rs
+++ b/examples/blits.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,263 @@
-fn main() -> () {
-    
-}
+//! bilts.rs
+//! (c) 2021 Jamie Hardt. All rights reserved.
+//!
+//! This program demonstrates the creation of a wave file with a BLITS
+//! ("Black and Lanes' Ident Tones for Surround") channel identification and
+//! alignment signal.
+//!
+//! TODO: Pre-calculate the sine waves to speed up generation
+//! TODO: Make tone onsets less snappy
+
+use std::f64;
+use std::io;
+
+extern crate bwavfile;
+use bwavfile::{Error, WaveFmt, WaveWriter};
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate clap;
+use clap::{App, Arg};
+
+fn sine_wave(t: u64, amplitude: i32, wavelength: u32) -> i32 {
+    //I did it this way because I'm weird
+    Some(t)
+        .map(|i| (i as f64) * 2f64 * f64::consts::PI / wavelength as f64)
+        .map(|f| f.sin())
+        .map(|s| (s * amplitude as f64) as i32)
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Return the corresponding f32 gain for a dbfs.
+///
+/// Retval will always be positive
+fn dbfs_to_f32(dbfs: f32) -> f32 {
+    10f32.powf(dbfs / 20f32)
+}
+
+fn dbfs_to_signed_int(dbfs: f32, bit_depth: u16) -> i32 {
+    let full_code: i32 = (1i32 << bit_depth - 1) - 1;
+    ((full_code as f32) * dbfs_to_f32(dbfs)) as i32
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+enum ToneBurst {
+    /// Tone of .0 frequency (hz) for .1 duration (ms) at .2 dBfs
+    Tone(f32, u64, f32),
+    /// Silence of .0 Duration (ms)
+    Silence(u64),
+}
+
+impl ToneBurst {
+    fn duration(&self, sample_rate: u32) -> u64 {
+        match self {
+            Self::Tone(_, dur, _) => *dur * sample_rate as u64 / 1000,
+            Self::Silence(dur) => *dur * sample_rate as u64 / 1000,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+trait ToneBurstSignal {
+    fn duration(&self, sample_rate: u32) -> u64;
+
+    fn signal(&self, t: u64, sample_rate: u32, bit_depth: u16) -> i32;
+}
+
+impl ToneBurstSignal for Vec<ToneBurst> {
+    fn duration(&self, sample_rate: u32) -> u64 {
+        self.iter()
+            .fold(0u64, |accum, &item| accum + &item.duration(sample_rate))
+    }
+
+    fn signal(&self, t: u64, sample_rate: u32, bit_depth: u16) -> i32 {
+        self.iter()
+            .scan(0u64, |accum, &item| {
+                let dur = item.duration(sample_rate);
+                let this_time_range = *accum..(*accum + dur);
+                *accum = *accum + dur;
+                Some((this_time_range, item))
+            })
+            .find(|(range, _)| range.contains(&t))
+            .map(|(_, item)| match item {
+                ToneBurst::Tone(freq, _, dbfs) => {
+                    let gain = dbfs_to_signed_int(dbfs, bit_depth);
+                    sine_wave(t, gain, (sample_rate as f32 / freq) as u32)
+                }
+                ToneBurst::Silence(_) => 0,
+            })
+            .unwrap_or(0i32)
+    }
+}
+
+fn create_blits_file(file_name: &str, sample_rate: u32, bits_per_sample: u16) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    // BLITS Tone signal format
+    // From EBU Tech 3304 §4 - https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3304.pdf
+    let left_channel_sequence: Vec<ToneBurst> = vec![
+        // channel ident
+        ToneBurst::Tone(880.0, 600, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(4000),
+        // LR ident
+        ToneBurst::Tone(1000.0, 1000, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(300),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(1000.0, 300, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(300),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(1000.0, 300, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(300),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(1000.0, 300, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(300),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(1000.0, 2000, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(300),
+        // Phase check,
+        ToneBurst::Tone(2000.0, 3000, -24.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+    ];
+
+    let right_channel_sequence: Vec<ToneBurst> = vec![
+        // channel ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(800),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(880.0, 600, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(3200),
+        // LR ident
+        ToneBurst::Tone(1000.0, 5100, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(300),
+        // Phase check,
+        ToneBurst::Tone(2000.0, 3000, -24.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+    ];
+
+    let center_channel_sequence: Vec<ToneBurst> = vec![
+        // channel ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(1600),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(1320.0, 600, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(2400),
+        // LR ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(5400),
+        // Phase check,
+        ToneBurst::Tone(2000.0, 3000, -24.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+    ];
+
+    let lfe_channel_sequence: Vec<ToneBurst> = vec![
+        // channel ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(2400),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(82.5, 600, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(1600),
+        // LR ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(5400),
+        // Phase check,
+        ToneBurst::Tone(2000.0, 3000, -24.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+    ];
+
+    let ls_channel_sequence: Vec<ToneBurst> = vec![
+        // channel ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(3200),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(660.0, 600, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(800),
+        // LR ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(5400),
+        // Phase check,
+        ToneBurst::Tone(2000.0, 3000, -24.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+    ];
+
+    let rs_channel_sequence: Vec<ToneBurst> = vec![
+        // channel ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(4000),
+        ToneBurst::Tone(660.0, 600, -18.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+        // LR ident
+        ToneBurst::Silence(5400),
+        // Phase check,
+        ToneBurst::Tone(2000.0, 3000, -24.0),
+        ToneBurst::Silence(200),
+    ];
+
+    let length = [
+        &left_channel_sequence,
+        &right_channel_sequence,
+        &center_channel_sequence,
+        &lfe_channel_sequence,
+        &ls_channel_sequence,
+        &rs_channel_sequence,
+    ]
+    .iter()
+    .map(|i| i.duration(sample_rate))
+    .max()
+    .unwrap_or(0);
+
+    let frames = (0..=length).map(|frame| {
+        (
+            left_channel_sequence.signal(frame, sample_rate, bits_per_sample),
+            right_channel_sequence.signal(frame, sample_rate, bits_per_sample),
+            center_channel_sequence.signal(frame, sample_rate, bits_per_sample),
+            lfe_channel_sequence.signal(frame, sample_rate, bits_per_sample),
+            ls_channel_sequence.signal(frame, sample_rate, bits_per_sample),
+            rs_channel_sequence.signal(frame, sample_rate, bits_per_sample),
+        )
+    });
+
+    let format = WaveFmt::new_pcm_multichannel(sample_rate, bits_per_sample, 0b111111);
+
+    let file = WaveWriter::create(file_name, format)?;
+
+    let mut fw = file.audio_frame_writer()?;
+    for frame in frames {
+        let buf = vec![frame.0, frame.1, frame.2, frame.3, frame.4, frame.5];
+        fw.write_frames(&buf)?;
+    }
+    fw.end()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+    let matches = App::new("blits")
+        .version(crate_version!())
+        .author(crate_authors!())
+        .about("Generate a BLITS 5.1 alignment tone.")
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("sample_rate")
+                .long("sample-rate")
+                .short("s")
+                .help("Sample rate of output")
+                .default_value("48000"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("bit_depth")
+                .long("bit-depth")
+                .short("b")
+                .help("Bit depth of output")
+                .default_value("24"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("OUTPUT")
+                .help("Output wave file")
+                .default_value("blits.wav"),
+        )
+        .get_matches();
+
+    let sample_rate = matches
+        .value_of("sample_rate")
+        .unwrap()
+        .parse::<u32>()
+        .expect("Failed to read sample rate");
+
+    let bits_per_sample = matches
+        .value_of("bit_depth")
+        .unwrap()
+        .parse::<u16>()
+        .expect("Failed to read bit depth");
+
+    let filename = matches.value_of("OUTPUT").unwrap();
+
+    match create_blits_file(&filename, sample_rate, bits_per_sample) {
+        Err(Error::IOError(x)) => panic!("IO Error: {:?}", x),
+        Err(err) => panic!("Error: {:?}", err),
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+    }
+}
--- a/examples/bwavefile_probe.rs
+++ b/examples/bwavefile_probe.rs
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-fn main() -> () {
-    
-}
--- a/examples/wave-deinter.rs
+++ b/examples/wave-deinter.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+//! wave-deinter.rs
+//! (c) 2021 Jamie Hardt. All rights reserved.
+//!
+//! This program demonstrates splitting a multichannel file into separate monophonic files for each
+//! individual channel.
+
+use std::io::{Read, Seek};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+extern crate bwavfile;
+use bwavfile::{
+    ChannelDescriptor, ChannelMask, CommonFormat, Error, Sample, WaveFmt, WaveReader, WaveWriter,
+    I24,
+};
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate clap;
+use clap::{App, Arg};
+
+fn name_suffix(
+    force_numeric: bool,
+    delim: &str,
+    index: usize,
+    channel_descriptor: &ChannelDescriptor,
+) -> String {
+    if force_numeric || channel_descriptor.speaker == ChannelMask::DirectOut {
+        format!("{}A{:02}", delim, index)
+    } else {
+        let chan_name = match channel_descriptor.speaker {
+            ChannelMask::FrontLeft => "L",
+            ChannelMask::FrontCenter => "C",
+            ChannelMask::FrontRight => "R",
+            ChannelMask::BackLeft => "Ls",
+            ChannelMask::BackRight => "Rs",
+            ChannelMask::BackCenter => "S",
+            ChannelMask::TopCenter => "Tc",
+            ChannelMask::LowFrequency => "Lfe",
+            ChannelMask::SideLeft => "Lss",
+            ChannelMask::SideRight => "Rss",
+            ChannelMask::FrontCenterLeft => "Lc",
+            ChannelMask::FrontCenterRight => "Rc",
+            ChannelMask::TopFrontLeft => "Ltf",
+            ChannelMask::TopFrontCenter => "Ctf",
+            ChannelMask::TopFrontRight => "Rtf",
+            ChannelMask::TopBackLeft => "Ltb",
+            ChannelMask::TopBackCenter => "Ctb",
+            ChannelMask::TopBackRight => "Rtb",
+            ChannelMask::DirectOut => panic!("Error, can't get here"),
+        };
+        format!("{}{}", delim, chan_name)
+    }
+}
+
+fn deinterleave_file<S, R>(
+    mut input_file: WaveReader<R>,
+    input_format: WaveFmt,
+    settings: Settings,
+) -> Result<(), Error>
+where
+    S: Sample,
+    R: Read + Seek,
+{
+    let frames_per_read = 4096;
+    let channel_desc = input_file.channels()?;
+    let channel_count = channel_desc.len();
+
+    if channel_desc.len() == 1 {
+        println!("Input file in monoaural, exiting.");
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let infile_path = Path::new(&settings.input_path);
+    let basename = infile_path
+        .file_stem()
+        .expect("Unable to extract file basename")
+        .to_str()
+        .unwrap();
+    let output_dir = infile_path
+        .parent()
+        .expect("Unable to derive parent directory");
+
+    let output_block_alignment = input_format.bits_per_sample / 8;
+    let output_format = WaveFmt {
+        channel_count: 1,
+        block_alignment: output_block_alignment,
+        bytes_per_second: output_block_alignment as u32 * input_format.sample_rate,
+        ..input_format
+    };
+    let mut reader = input_file.audio_frame_reader()?;
+    let mut writers = channel_desc
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(n, channel)| {
+            let suffix = name_suffix(
+                settings.use_numeric_names,
+                &settings.delimiter,
+                n + 1,
+                channel,
+            );
+            let outfile_name = output_dir
+                .join(format!("{}{}.wav", basename, suffix))
+                .into_os_string()
+                .into_string()
+                .unwrap();
+
+            println!("Will create file {}", outfile_name);
+
+            WaveWriter::create(&outfile_name, output_format)
+                .expect("Failed to create new file")
+                .audio_frame_writer()
+        })
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+    let mut input_buffer = vec![S::EQUILIBRIUM; frames_per_read * channel_count];
+    let mut output_buffer = vec![S::EQUILIBRIUM; frames_per_read];
+
+    loop {
+        let frames_read = reader.read_frames(&mut input_buffer)? as usize;
+        if frames_read == 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        output_buffer.resize(frames_read, S::EQUILIBRIUM);
+
+        for (n, writer) in writers.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            for (output, input) in output_buffer
+                .iter_mut()
+                .zip(input_buffer.iter().skip(n).step_by(channel_count))
+            {
+                *output = *input;
+            }
+            writer.write_frames(&output_buffer)?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for writer in writers.drain(..) {
+        writer.end()?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn process_file<R>(mut input: WaveReader<R>, settings: Settings) -> Result<(), Error>
+where
+    R: Read + Seek,
+{
+    let format = input.format()?;
+
+    use CommonFormat::*;
+    match (format.common_format(), format.bits_per_sample) {
+        (IntegerPCM, 8) => deinterleave_file::<u8, R>(input, format, settings),
+        (IntegerPCM, 16) => deinterleave_file::<i16, R>(input, format, settings),
+        (IntegerPCM, 24) => deinterleave_file::<I24, R>(input, format, settings),
+        (IntegerPCM, 32) => deinterleave_file::<i32, R>(input, format, settings),
+        (IeeeFloatPCM, 32) => deinterleave_file::<f32, R>(input, format, settings),
+        other => panic!("Unsupported format: {:?}", other),
+    }
+}
+
+struct Settings {
+    input_path: String,
+    delimiter: String,
+    use_numeric_names: bool,
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let matches = App::new("wave-deinter")
+        .version(crate_version!())
+        .author(crate_authors!())
+        .about("Extract each channel of a polyphonic wave file as a new monoaural wave file.")
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("numeric_names")
+                .long("numeric")
+                .short("n")
+                .help("Use numeric channel names \"01\" \"02\" etc.")
+                .takes_value(false),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("channel_delimiter")
+                .long("delim")
+                .short("d")
+                .help("Channel label delimiter.")
+                .default_value("."),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("INPUT")
+                .help("Input wave file")
+                .required(true)
+                .multiple(true),
+        )
+        .get_matches();
+
+    let settings = Settings {
+        input_path: matches.value_of("INPUT").unwrap().into(),
+        delimiter: matches.value_of("channel_delimiter").unwrap().into(),
+        use_numeric_names: matches.is_present("numeric_names"),
+    };
+
+    process_file(WaveReader::open(&settings.input_path)?, settings)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/examples/wave-inter.rs
+++ b/examples/wave-inter.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//! wave-inter.rs
+//! (c) 2021 Jamie Hardt. All rights reserved.
+//!
+//! This program demonstrates combining several wave files into a single
+//! polyphonic wave file.
+
+use std::io;
+
+extern crate bwavfile;
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate clap;
+use clap::{App, Arg};
+
+fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+    let matches = App::new("wave-inter")
+        .version(crate_version!())
+        .author(crate_authors!())
+        .about("Combine several wave files into a single polyphonic wave file.")
+        .arg(Arg::with_name("OUTPUT")
+            .long("output")
+            .short("o")
+            .help("Output file name. If absent, will be basename, minus any channel extension, of first INPUT.")
+        )
+        .arg(Arg::with_name("INPUT")
+            .help("Input wave file")
+            .required(true)
+            .multiple(true)
+        )
+        .get_matches();
+
+    println!("Command line opts: {:?}", matches);
+
+    todo!("Finish implementation");
+}
--- a/src/audio_frame_reader.rs
+++ b/src/audio_frame_reader.rs
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-use std::io::{Read, Seek};
-use std::io::SeekFrom::{Start,Current,};
-
-use byteorder::LittleEndian;
-use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;
-
-use super::fmt::{WaveFmt};
-use super::errors::Error;
-use super::CommonFormat;
-
-/// Read audio frames
-/// 
-/// The inner reader is interpreted as a raw audio data
-/// bitstream having a format specified by `format`.
-/// 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct AudioFrameReader<R: Read + Seek> {
-    inner : R,
-    format: WaveFmt,
-    start: u64,
-    length: u64
-}
-
-impl<R: Read + Seek> AudioFrameReader<R> {
-
-    /// Create a new `AudioFrameReader`
-    /// 
-    /// ### Panics
-    /// 
-    /// This method does a few sanity checks on the provided format
-    /// parameter to confirm the `block_alignment` law is fulfilled
-    /// and the format tag is readable by this implementation (only
-    /// format 0x01 is supported at this time.) 
-    pub fn new(mut inner: R, format: WaveFmt, start: u64, length: u64) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        assert!(format.block_alignment * 8 == format.bits_per_sample * format.channel_count, 
-            "Unable to read audio frames from packed formats: block alignment is {}, should be {}",
-            format.block_alignment, (format.bits_per_sample / 8 ) * format.channel_count);
-        
-        assert!(format.common_format() == CommonFormat::IntegerPCM , 
-                "Unsupported format tag {:?}", format.tag);
-        
-        inner.seek(Start(start))?;
-        Ok( AudioFrameReader { inner , format , start, length} )
-    }
-
-    /// Unwrap the inner reader.
-    pub fn into_inner(self) -> R {
-        self.inner
-    }
-
-    /// Locate the read position to a different frame
-    /// 
-    /// Seeks within the audio stream.
-    /// 
-    /// Returns the new location of the read position.
-    /// 
-    /// locate() behaves similarly to Read methods in that
-    /// seeking after the end of the audio data is not an error.
-    pub fn locate(&mut self, to :u64) -> Result<u64,Error> {
-        let position = to * self.format.block_alignment as u64;
-        let seek_result = self.inner.seek(Start(self.start + position))?;
-        Ok( (seek_result - self.start) / self.format.block_alignment as u64 )
-    }
-
-
-    /// Read a frame
-    /// 
-    /// A single frame is read from the audio stream and the read location
-    /// is advanced one frame.
-    /// 
-    /// Regardless of the number of bits in the audio sample, this method
-    /// always writes `i32` samples back to the buffer. These samples are 
-    /// written back "right-aligned" so samples that are shorter than i32
-    /// will leave the MSB bits empty.
-    /// 
-    /// For example: A full-code sample in 16 bit (0xFFFF) will be written 
-    /// back to the buffer as 0x0000FFFF.
-    ///  
-    /// 
-    /// ### Panics
-    /// 
-    /// The `buffer` must have a number of elements equal to the number of 
-    /// channels and this method will panic if this is not the case.
-    pub fn read_integer_frame(&mut self, buffer:&mut [i32]) -> Result<u64,Error> {
-        assert!(buffer.len() as u16 == self.format.channel_count, 
-            "read_integer_frame was called with a mis-sized buffer, expected {}, was {}", 
-            self.format.channel_count, buffer.len());
-
-        let framed_bits_per_sample = self.format.block_alignment * 8 / self.format.channel_count;
-
-        let tell = self.inner.seek(Current(0))?;
-
-        if (tell - self.start) < self.length {
-            for n in 0..(self.format.channel_count as usize) {
-                buffer[n] = match (self.format.bits_per_sample, framed_bits_per_sample) {
-                    (0..=8,8) => self.inner.read_u8()? as i32 - 0x80_i32, // EBU 3285 §A2.2
-                    (9..=16,16) => self.inner.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as i32,
-                    (10..=24,24) => self.inner.read_i24::<LittleEndian>()?,
-                    (25..=32,32) => self.inner.read_i32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-                    (b,_)=> panic!("Unrecognized integer format, bits per sample {}, channels {}, block_alignment {}", 
-                        b, self.format.channel_count, self.format.block_alignment)
-                }
-            }
-            Ok( 1 )
-        } else {
-            Ok( 0 )
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/src/bext.rs
+++ b/src/bext.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,33 @@
-
 pub type LU = f32;
+#[allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
 pub type LUFS = f32;
 pub type Decibels = f32;

-
 ///  Broadcast-WAV metadata record.
 ///
-///  The `bext` record contains information about the original recording of the 
-///  Wave file, including a longish (256 ASCII chars) description field, 
-///  originator identification fields, creation calendar date and time, a 
-///  sample-accurate recording time field, and a SMPTE UMID. 
+///  The `bext` record contains information about the original recording of the
+///  Wave file, including a longish (256 ASCII chars) description field,
+///  originator identification fields, creation calendar date and time, a
+///  sample-accurate recording time field, and a SMPTE UMID.
 ///
 ///  For a Wave file to be a complaint "Broadcast-WAV" file, it must contain
 ///  a `bext` metadata record.
 ///
 /// ## Resources
-/// - [EBU Tech 3285](https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3285.pdf).
+/// - [EBU Tech 3285](https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3285.pdf) "Specification of the Broadcast Wave Format (BWF)"
 /// - [EBU Tech R098](https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r098.pdf) (1999) "Format for the &lt;CodingHistory&gt; field in Broadcast Wave Format files, BWF"
-/// - [EBU Tech R099](https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r099.pdf) (October 2011) "‘Unique’ Source Identifier (USID) for use in the 
+/// - [EBU Tech R099](https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r099.pdf) (October 2011) "‘Unique’ Source Identifier (USID) for use in the
 ///   &lt;OriginatorReference&gt; field of the Broadcast Wave Format"

 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Bext {
-
-    /// 256 ASCII character field with free text.
+    /// 0..256 ASCII character field with free text.
    pub description: String,

-    /// Originating application.
+    /// 0..32 ASCII character Originating application.
    pub originator: String,

-    /// Application-specific UID.
+    /// 0..32 ASCII character application-specific UID or EBU R099-formatted UID.
    pub originator_reference: String,

    /// Creation date in format `YYYY-MM-DD`.
@@ -38,28 +36,28 @@ pub struct Bext {
    /// Creation time in format `HH:MM:SS`.
    pub origination_time: String,

-    /// Time of the start of this wave file, expressed as the number of samples
+    /// Start timestamp of this wave file, in number of samples
    /// since local midnight.
    pub time_reference: u64,

    /// Bext chunk version.
-    /// 
-    /// Version 1 contains a UMID, version 2 contains a UMID and 
+    ///
+    /// Version 1 contains a UMID, version 2 contains a UMID and
    /// loudness metadata.
    pub version: u16,

    /// SMPTE 330M UMID
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// This field is `None` if the version is less than 1.
    pub umid: Option<[u8; 64]>,

    /// Integrated loudness in LUFS.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// This field is `None` if the version is less than 2.
    pub loudness_value: Option<LUFS>,

    /// Loudness range in LU.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// This field is `None` if the version is less than 2.
    pub loudness_range: Option<LU>,

@@ -74,11 +72,10 @@ pub struct Bext {
    pub max_momentary_loudness: Option<LUFS>,

    /// Maximum short-term loudness in LUFS.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// This field is `None` if the version is less than 2.
    pub max_short_term_loudness: Option<LUFS>,
    // 180 bytes of nothing
-
    /// Coding History.
-    pub coding_history: String
+    pub coding_history: String,
 }
--- a/src/chunks.rs
+++ b/src/chunks.rs
@@ -1,48 +1,60 @@
 use std::io::{Read, Write};

-use encoding::{DecoderTrap, EncoderTrap};
-use encoding::{Encoding};
 use encoding::all::ASCII;
+use encoding::Encoding;
+use encoding::{DecoderTrap, EncoderTrap};

 use byteorder::LittleEndian;
 use byteorder::{ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};

 use uuid::Uuid;

+use super::bext::Bext;
 use super::errors::Error as ParserError;
 use super::fmt::{WaveFmt, WaveFmtExtended};
-use super::bext::Bext;

 pub trait ReadBWaveChunks: Read {
    fn read_bext(&mut self) -> Result<Bext, ParserError>;
-    fn read_bext_string_field(&mut self, length: usize) -> Result<String,ParserError>;
+    fn read_bext_string_field(&mut self, length: usize) -> Result<String, ParserError>;
    fn read_wave_fmt(&mut self) -> Result<WaveFmt, ParserError>;
 }

 pub trait WriteBWaveChunks: Write {
-    fn write_wave_fmt(&mut self, format : &WaveFmt) -> Result<(), ParserError>;
-    fn write_bext_string_field(&mut self, string: &String, length: usize) -> Result<(),ParserError>;
-    fn write_bext(&mut self, bext: &Bext) -> Result<(),ParserError>;
+    fn write_wave_fmt(&mut self, format: &WaveFmt) -> Result<(), ParserError>;
+    fn write_bext_string_field(&mut self, string: &str, length: usize) -> Result<(), ParserError>;
+    fn write_bext(&mut self, bext: &Bext) -> Result<(), ParserError>;
 }

-impl<T> WriteBWaveChunks for T where T: Write {
-    fn write_wave_fmt(&mut self, format : &WaveFmt) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
-        self.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(format.tag as u16 )?;
+impl<T> WriteBWaveChunks for T
+where
+    T: Write,
+{
+    fn write_wave_fmt(&mut self, format: &WaveFmt) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
+        self.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(format.tag)?;
        self.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(format.channel_count)?;
        self.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(format.sample_rate)?;
        self.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(format.bytes_per_second)?;
        self.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(format.block_alignment)?;
        self.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(format.bits_per_sample)?;
-        // self.write_u8(0)?;
+        if let Some(ext) = format.extended_format {
+            let cb_size = 24u16;
+            self.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(cb_size)?;
+            self.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(ext.valid_bits_per_sample)?;
+            self.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(ext.channel_mask)?;
+            let uuid = ext.type_guid.as_bytes();
+            self.write_all(uuid)?;
+        }
        Ok(())
    }

-    fn write_bext_string_field(&mut self, string: &String, length: usize) -> Result<(),ParserError> {
-        let mut buf = ASCII.encode(&string, EncoderTrap::Ignore).expect("Error encoding text");
+    fn write_bext_string_field(&mut self, string: &str, length: usize) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
+        let mut buf = ASCII
+            .encode(string, EncoderTrap::Ignore)
+            .expect("Error encoding text");
        buf.truncate(length);
        let filler_length = length - buf.len();
-        if filler_length > 0{
-            let mut filler = vec![0u8; filler_length ];
+        if filler_length > 0 {
+            let mut filler = vec![0u8; filler_length];
            buf.append(&mut filler);
        }

@@ -50,7 +62,7 @@ impl<T> WriteBWaveChunks for T where T: Write {
        Ok(())
    }

-    fn write_bext(&mut self, bext: &Bext) -> Result<(),ParserError> {
+    fn write_bext(&mut self, bext: &Bext) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
        self.write_bext_string_field(&bext.description, 256)?;
        self.write_bext_string_field(&bext.originator, 32)?;
        self.write_bext_string_field(&bext.originator_reference, 32)?;
@@ -62,21 +74,21 @@ impl<T> WriteBWaveChunks for T where T: Write {
        let buf = bext.umid.unwrap_or([0u8; 64]);
        self.write_all(&buf)?;

-        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>( 
-            (bext.loudness_value.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16 )?;
-        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>( 
-            (bext.loudness_range.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16 )?;
-        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>( 
-            (bext.max_true_peak_level.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16 )?;
-        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>( 
-            (bext.max_momentary_loudness.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16 )?;
-        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>( 
-            (bext.max_short_term_loudness.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16 )?;
-        
+        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>((bext.loudness_value.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16)?;
+        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>((bext.loudness_range.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16)?;
+        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>((bext.max_true_peak_level.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16)?;
+        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(
+            (bext.max_momentary_loudness.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16,
+        )?;
+        self.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(
+            (bext.max_short_term_loudness.unwrap_or(0.0) * 100.0) as i16,
+        )?;
+
        let padding = [0u8; 180];
        self.write_all(&padding)?;
-        
-        let coding = ASCII.encode(&bext.coding_history, EncoderTrap::Ignore)
+
+        let coding = ASCII
+            .encode(&bext.coding_history, EncoderTrap::Ignore)
            .expect("Error");

        self.write_all(&coding)?;
@@ -84,20 +96,22 @@ impl<T> WriteBWaveChunks for T where T: Write {
    }
 }

-impl<T> ReadBWaveChunks for T where T: Read {
-
+impl<T> ReadBWaveChunks for T
+where
+    T: Read,
+{
    fn read_wave_fmt(&mut self) -> Result<WaveFmt, ParserError> {
-        let tag_value : u16;
+        let tag_value: u16;
        Ok(WaveFmt {
            tag: {
                tag_value = self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?;
                tag_value
            },
-            channel_count:      self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            sample_rate:        self.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            bytes_per_second:   self.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            block_alignment:    self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            bits_per_sample:    self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?, 
+            channel_count: self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            sample_rate: self.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            bytes_per_second: self.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            block_alignment: self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            bits_per_sample: self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
            extended_format: {
                if tag_value == 0xFFFE {
                    let cb_size = self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?;
@@ -106,77 +120,107 @@ impl<T> ReadBWaveChunks for T where T: Read {
                        valid_bits_per_sample: self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
                        channel_mask: self.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
                        type_guid: {
-                            let mut buf : [u8; 16] = [0; 16];
+                            let mut buf: [u8; 16] = [0; 16];
                            self.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
                            Uuid::from_slice(&buf)?
-                        }
+                        },
                    })
                } else {
                    None
                }
-            }
+            },
        })
    }

-    fn read_bext_string_field(&mut self, length: usize) -> Result<String,ParserError> {
-        let mut buffer : Vec<u8> = vec![0; length];
-        self.read(&mut buffer)?;
-        let trimmed : Vec<u8> = buffer.iter().take_while(|c| **c != 0 as u8).cloned().collect();
-        Ok(ASCII.decode(&trimmed, DecoderTrap::Ignore).expect("Error decoding text")) 
+    fn read_bext_string_field(&mut self, length: usize) -> Result<String, ParserError> {
+        let mut buffer: Vec<u8> = vec![0; length];
+        self.read_exact(&mut buffer)?;
+        let trimmed: Vec<u8> = buffer.iter().take_while(|c| **c != 0_u8).cloned().collect();
+        Ok(ASCII
+            .decode(&trimmed, DecoderTrap::Ignore)
+            .expect("Error decoding text"))
    }

    fn read_bext(&mut self) -> Result<Bext, ParserError> {
-        let version : u16; 
-        Ok( Bext { 
-                description:            self.read_bext_string_field(256)?,
-                originator:             self.read_bext_string_field(32)?,
-                originator_reference :  self.read_bext_string_field(32)?,
-                origination_date :      self.read_bext_string_field(10)?, 
-                origination_time :      self.read_bext_string_field(8)?, 
-                time_reference:         self.read_u64::<LittleEndian>()?,
-                version: {
-                    version = self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?;
-                    version
-                },
-                umid: {
-                    let mut buf = [0u8 ; 64];
-                    self.read(&mut buf)?;
-                    if version > 0 { Some(buf) } else { None }
-                },
-                loudness_value: {
-                    let val = (self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32) / 100f32;
-                    if version > 1 { Some(val) } else { None }
-                },
-                loudness_range: {
-                    let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
-                    if version > 1 { Some(val) } else { None }
-                },
-                max_true_peak_level: {
-                    let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
-                    if version > 1 { Some(val) } else { None }
-                },
-                max_momentary_loudness: {
-                    let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
-                    if version > 1 { Some(val) } else { None }
-                },
-                max_short_term_loudness: {
-                    let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
-                    if version > 1 { Some(val) } else { None }
-                }, 
-                coding_history: {
-                    for _ in 0..180 { self.read_u8()?; }
-                    let mut buf = vec![];
-                    self.read_to_end(&mut buf)?;
-                    ASCII.decode(&buf, DecoderTrap::Ignore).expect("Error decoding text")
+        let version: u16;
+        Ok(Bext {
+            description: self.read_bext_string_field(256)?,
+            originator: self.read_bext_string_field(32)?,
+            originator_reference: self.read_bext_string_field(32)?,
+            origination_date: self.read_bext_string_field(10)?,
+            origination_time: self.read_bext_string_field(8)?,
+            time_reference: self.read_u64::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            version: {
+                version = self.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?;
+                version
+            },
+            umid: {
+                let mut buf = [0u8; 64];
+                self.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
+                if version > 0 {
+                    Some(buf)
+                } else {
+                    None
                }
+            },
+            loudness_value: {
+                let val = (self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32) / 100f32;
+                if version > 1 {
+                    Some(val)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+            loudness_range: {
+                let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
+                if version > 1 {
+                    Some(val)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+            max_true_peak_level: {
+                let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
+                if version > 1 {
+                    Some(val)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+            max_momentary_loudness: {
+                let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
+                if version > 1 {
+                    Some(val)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+            max_short_term_loudness: {
+                let val = self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as f32 / 100f32;
+                if version > 1 {
+                    Some(val)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            },
+            coding_history: {
+                for _ in 0..180 {
+                    self.read_u8()?;
+                }
+                let mut buf = vec![];
+                self.read_to_end(&mut buf)?;
+                ASCII
+                    .decode(&buf, DecoderTrap::Ignore)
+                    .expect("Error decoding text")
+            },
        })
-     }
+    }
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_read_51_wav() {
-    use super::fmt::ChannelMask;
    use super::common_format::CommonFormat;
+    use super::fmt::ChannelMask;

    let path = "tests/media/pt_24bit_51.wav";

@@ -191,9 +235,17 @@ fn test_read_51_wav() {

    let channels = ChannelMask::channels(extended.channel_mask, format.channel_count);

-    assert_eq!(channels, [ChannelMask::FrontLeft, ChannelMask::FrontRight, 
-        ChannelMask::FrontCenter, ChannelMask::LowFrequency,
-        ChannelMask::BackLeft, ChannelMask::BackRight]);
+    assert_eq!(
+        channels,
+        [
+            ChannelMask::FrontLeft,
+            ChannelMask::FrontRight,
+            ChannelMask::FrontCenter,
+            ChannelMask::LowFrequency,
+            ChannelMask::BackLeft,
+            ChannelMask::BackRight
+        ]
+    );

    assert_eq!(format.common_format(), CommonFormat::IntegerPCM);
-}
+}
--- a/src/common_format.rs
+++ b/src/common_format.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
+/// Format tags, UUIDs and utilities
 use uuid::Uuid;

-const BASIC_PCM: u16        = 0x0001;
-const BASIC_FLOAT: u16      = 0x0003;
-const BASIC_MPEG: u16       = 0x0050;
-const BASIC_EXTENDED: u16   = 0xFFFE;
+/// Format tag for integer LPCM
+pub const WAVE_TAG_PCM: u16 = 0x0001;
+
+/// Format tag for float LPCM
+pub const WAVE_TAG_FLOAT: u16 = 0x0003;
+
+/// Format tag for MPEG1
+pub const WAVE_TAG_MPEG: u16 = 0x0050;
+
+/// Format tag indicating extended format
+pub const WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED: u16 = 0xFFFE;

 /* RC 2361 §4:

@@ -15,50 +23,58 @@ const BASIC_EXTENDED: u16   = 0xFFFE;

 */

-pub const UUID_PCM: Uuid =           Uuid::from_bytes([0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 
-    0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71]);
+/// Extended format UUID for integer PCM
+pub const WAVE_UUID_PCM: Uuid = Uuid::from_bytes([
+    0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71,
+]);

-pub const UUID_FLOAT: Uuid =         Uuid::from_bytes([0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00,
-    0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71]);
+/// Extended format UUID for float PCM
+pub const WAVE_UUID_FLOAT: Uuid = Uuid::from_bytes([
+    0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71,
+]);

-pub const UUID_MPEG: Uuid =          Uuid::from_bytes([0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00,
-    0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71]);
+/// Extended format UUID for MPEG1 data
+pub const WAVE_UUID_MPEG: Uuid = Uuid::from_bytes([
+    0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71,
+]);

-pub const UUID_BFORMAT_PCM: Uuid =   Uuid::from_bytes([0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x11, 
-    0x86, 0x44, 0xc8, 0xc1, 0xca, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
-
-pub const UUID_BFORMAT_FLOAT: Uuid = Uuid::from_bytes([0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x11,
-    0x86, 0x44, 0xc8, 0xc1, 0xca, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
+/// Extended format for integer Ambisonic B-Format
+pub const WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_PCM: Uuid = Uuid::from_bytes([
+    0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x11, 0x86, 0x44, 0xc8, 0xc1, 0xca, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+]);

+/// Extended format for float Ambisonic B-Format
+pub const WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_FLOAT: Uuid = Uuid::from_bytes([
+    0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x21, 0x07, 0xd3, 0x11, 0x86, 0x44, 0xc8, 0xc1, 0xca, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+]);

+/// Generate an extended format UUID for the given basic format tag from [WaveFmt::tag].
 fn uuid_from_basic_tag(tag: u16) -> Uuid {
-    let tail : [u8; 6] = [0x00,0xaa,0x00,0x38,0x9b,0x71];
+    let tail: [u8; 6] = [0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71];
    Uuid::from_fields_le(tag as u32, 0x0000, 0x0010, &tail).unwrap()
 }

 /// Sample format of the Wave file.
-/// 
-/// 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum CommonFormat {
    /// Integer linear PCM
    IntegerPCM,
- 
+
    /// IEEE Floating-point Linear PCM
    IeeeFloatPCM,
- 
+
    /// MPEG
    Mpeg,
- 
+
    /// Ambisonic B-Format Linear PCM
    AmbisonicBFormatIntegerPCM,
- 
+
    /// Ambisonic B-Format Float PCM
    AmbisonicBFormatIeeeFloatPCM,
- 
+
    /// An unknown format identified by a basic format tag.
    UnknownBasic(u16),
- 
+
    /// An unknown format identified by an extension UUID.
    UnknownExtended(Uuid),
 }
@@ -67,31 +83,33 @@ impl CommonFormat {
    /// Resolve a tag and Uuid to a `CommonFormat`.
    pub fn make(basic: u16, uuid: Option<Uuid>) -> Self {
        match (basic, uuid) {
-            (BASIC_PCM, _) => Self::IntegerPCM,
-            (BASIC_FLOAT, _) => Self::IeeeFloatPCM,
-            (BASIC_MPEG, _) => Self::Mpeg,
-            (BASIC_EXTENDED, Some(UUID_PCM))  => Self::IntegerPCM,
-            (BASIC_EXTENDED, Some(UUID_FLOAT))=> Self::IeeeFloatPCM,
-            (BASIC_EXTENDED, Some(UUID_BFORMAT_PCM)) => Self::AmbisonicBFormatIntegerPCM,
-            (BASIC_EXTENDED, Some(UUID_BFORMAT_FLOAT)) => Self::AmbisonicBFormatIeeeFloatPCM,
-            (BASIC_EXTENDED, Some(x)) => CommonFormat::UnknownExtended(x),
-            (x, _) => CommonFormat::UnknownBasic(x)
+            (WAVE_TAG_PCM, _) => Self::IntegerPCM,
+            (WAVE_TAG_FLOAT, _) => Self::IeeeFloatPCM,
+            (WAVE_TAG_MPEG, _) => Self::Mpeg,
+            (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, Some(WAVE_UUID_PCM)) => Self::IntegerPCM,
+            (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, Some(WAVE_UUID_FLOAT)) => Self::IeeeFloatPCM,
+            (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, Some(WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_PCM)) => Self::AmbisonicBFormatIntegerPCM,
+            (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, Some(WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_FLOAT)) => {
+                Self::AmbisonicBFormatIeeeFloatPCM
+            }
+            (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, Some(x)) => CommonFormat::UnknownExtended(x),
+            (x, _) => CommonFormat::UnknownBasic(x),
        }
    }

    /// Get the appropriate tag and `Uuid` for the callee.
-    /// 
-    /// If there is no appropriate tag for the format of the callee, the 
+    ///
+    /// If there is no appropriate tag for the format of the callee, the
    /// returned tag will be 0xFFFE and the `Uuid` will describe the format.
    pub fn take(self) -> (u16, Uuid) {
        match self {
-            Self::IntegerPCM => (BASIC_PCM, UUID_PCM),
-            Self::IeeeFloatPCM => (BASIC_FLOAT, UUID_FLOAT),
-            Self::Mpeg => (BASIC_MPEG, UUID_MPEG),
-            Self::AmbisonicBFormatIntegerPCM => (BASIC_EXTENDED, UUID_BFORMAT_PCM),
-            Self::AmbisonicBFormatIeeeFloatPCM => (BASIC_EXTENDED, UUID_BFORMAT_FLOAT),
-            Self::UnknownBasic(x) => ( x, uuid_from_basic_tag(x) ),
-            Self::UnknownExtended(x) => ( BASIC_EXTENDED, x)
+            Self::IntegerPCM => (WAVE_TAG_PCM, WAVE_UUID_PCM),
+            Self::IeeeFloatPCM => (WAVE_TAG_FLOAT, WAVE_UUID_FLOAT),
+            Self::Mpeg => (WAVE_TAG_MPEG, WAVE_UUID_MPEG),
+            Self::AmbisonicBFormatIntegerPCM => (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_PCM),
+            Self::AmbisonicBFormatIeeeFloatPCM => (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_FLOAT),
+            Self::UnknownBasic(x) => (x, uuid_from_basic_tag(x)),
+            Self::UnknownExtended(x) => (WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, x),
        }
    }
 }
--- a/src/cue.rs
+++ b/src/cue.rs
@@ -1,123 +1,172 @@
-use super::fourcc::{FourCC,ReadFourCC, LABL_SIG, NOTE_SIG, LTXT_SIG};
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+use super::fourcc::{
+    FourCC, ReadFourCC, WriteFourCC, ADTL_SIG, DATA_SIG, LABL_SIG, LTXT_SIG, NOTE_SIG,
+};
+
 use super::list_form::collect_list_form;

-use byteorder::{ReadBytesExt, LittleEndian};
+use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};

-use encoding::{DecoderTrap};
-use encoding::{Encoding};
 use encoding::all::ASCII;
+use encoding::Encoding;
+use encoding::{DecoderTrap, EncoderTrap};

-use std::io::{Cursor, Error, Read};
+use std::io::{Cursor, Error, Read, Write};

-#[derive(Copy,Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 struct RawCue {
-    cue_point_id : u32,
-    frame : u32,
-    chunk_id : FourCC,
-    chunk_start : u32,
-    block_start : u32,
-    frame_offset : u32
+    cue_point_id: u32,
+    frame: u32,
+    chunk_id: FourCC,
+    chunk_start: u32,
+    block_start: u32,
+    frame_offset: u32,
 }

 impl RawCue {
-    fn read_from(data : &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<Self>,Error> {
+    fn write_to(cues: Vec<Self>) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
+
+        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(cues.len() as u32).unwrap();
+        for cue in cues.iter() {
+            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(cue.cue_point_id).unwrap();
+            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(cue.frame).unwrap();
+            writer.write_fourcc(cue.chunk_id).unwrap();
+            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(cue.chunk_start).unwrap();
+            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(cue.block_start).unwrap();
+            writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(cue.frame_offset).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        writer.into_inner()
+    }
+
+    fn read_from(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<Self>, Error> {
        let mut rdr = Cursor::new(data);
        let count = rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?;
-        let mut retval : Vec<Self> = vec![];
+        let mut retval: Vec<Self> = vec![];

        for _ in 0..count {
-            retval.push( Self {
-                cue_point_id : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-                frame : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-                chunk_id : rdr.read_fourcc()?,
-                chunk_start : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-                block_start : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-                frame_offset : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?
+            retval.push(Self {
+                cue_point_id: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+                frame: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+                chunk_id: rdr.read_fourcc()?,
+                chunk_start: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+                block_start: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+                frame_offset: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
            })
        }

-        Ok( retval )
+        Ok(retval)
    }
 }

 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 struct RawLabel {
-    cue_point_id : u32,
-    text : Vec<u8>
+    cue_point_id: u32,
+    text: Vec<u8>,
 }

 impl RawLabel {
-    fn read_from(data : &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    fn write_to(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
+        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.cue_point_id).unwrap();
+        writer.write_all(&self.text).unwrap();
+        writer.into_inner()
+    }
+
+    fn read_from(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let mut rdr = Cursor::new(data);
        let length = data.len();

-        Ok( Self {
-            cue_point_id : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            text : {
-                let mut buf = vec![0u8; (length - 4) as usize ];
+        Ok(Self {
+            cue_point_id: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            text: {
+                let mut buf = vec![0u8; length - 4];
                rdr.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
                buf
-            }
+            },
        })
    }
 }

 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 struct RawNote {
-    cue_point_id : u32,
-    text : Vec<u8>
+    cue_point_id: u32,
+    text: Vec<u8>,
 }

 impl RawNote {
-    fn read_from(data : &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    fn write_to(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
+        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.cue_point_id).unwrap();
+        writer.write_all(&self.text).unwrap();
+        writer.into_inner()
+    }
+
+    fn read_from(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let mut rdr = Cursor::new(data);
        let length = data.len();

-        Ok( Self {
-            cue_point_id : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            text : {
-                let mut buf = vec![0u8; (length - 4) as usize ];
+        Ok(Self {
+            cue_point_id: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            text: {
+                let mut buf = vec![0u8; length - 4];
                rdr.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
                buf
-            }
+            },
        })
    }
 }

 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct RawLtxt { 
-    cue_point_id : u32,
-    frame_length : u32,
-    purpose : FourCC,
-    country : u16,
-    language : u16,
-    dialect : u16,
-    code_page : u16,
-    text: Option<Vec<u8>>
+struct RawLtxt {
+    cue_point_id: u32,
+    frame_length: u32,
+    purpose: FourCC,
+    country: u16,
+    language: u16,
+    dialect: u16,
+    code_page: u16,
+    text: Option<Vec<u8>>,
 }

 impl RawLtxt {
-    fn read_from(data : &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    fn write_to(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
+        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.cue_point_id).unwrap();
+        writer.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.frame_length).unwrap();
+        writer.write_fourcc(self.purpose).unwrap();
+        writer.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(self.country).unwrap();
+        writer.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(self.language).unwrap();
+        writer.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(self.dialect).unwrap();
+        writer.write_u16::<LittleEndian>(self.code_page).unwrap();
+        if let Some(ext_text) = &self.text {
+            writer.write_all(ext_text).unwrap();
+        }
+        writer.into_inner()
+    }
+
+    fn read_from(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let mut rdr = Cursor::new(data);
        let length = data.len();

-        Ok( Self {
-            cue_point_id : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            frame_length : rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            purpose : rdr.read_fourcc()?,
-            country : rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            language : rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            dialect : rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            code_page : rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
-            text : {
+        Ok(Self {
+            cue_point_id: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            frame_length: rdr.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            purpose: rdr.read_fourcc()?,
+            country: rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            language: rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            dialect: rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            code_page: rdr.read_u16::<LittleEndian>()?,
+            text: {
                if length - 20 > 0 {
-                    let mut buf = vec![0u8; (length - 20) as usize];
+                    let mut buf = vec![0u8; length - 20];
                    rdr.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
-                    Some( buf )
+                    Some(buf)
                } else {
                    None
                }
-            }
+            },
        })
    }
 }
@@ -127,136 +176,229 @@ enum RawAdtlMember {
    Label(RawLabel),
    Note(RawNote),
    LabeledText(RawLtxt),
-    Unrecognized(FourCC)
+    Unrecognized(FourCC),
 }

 impl RawAdtlMember {
-    fn collect_from(chunk : &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<RawAdtlMember>,Error> {
+    fn compile_adtl(members: &[Self]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut w = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
+        // It seems like all this casing could be done with traits
+        for member in members.iter() {
+            let (fcc, buf) = match member {
+                RawAdtlMember::Label(l) => (LABL_SIG, l.write_to()),
+                RawAdtlMember::Note(n) => (NOTE_SIG, n.write_to()),
+                RawAdtlMember::LabeledText(t) => (LTXT_SIG, t.write_to()),
+                RawAdtlMember::Unrecognized(f) => (*f, vec![0u8; 0]), // <-- this is a dopey case but here for completeness
+            };
+            w.write_fourcc(fcc).unwrap();
+            w.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(buf.len() as u32).unwrap();
+            w.write_all(&buf).unwrap();
+            if buf.len() % 2 == 1 {
+                w.write_u8(0).unwrap();
+            }
+        }
+
+        let chunk_content = w.into_inner();
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
+        writer.write_fourcc(ADTL_SIG).unwrap();
+        writer
+            .write_u32::<LittleEndian>(chunk_content.len() as u32)
+            .unwrap();
+        writer.write_all(&chunk_content).unwrap();
+        writer.into_inner()
+    }
+
+    fn collect_from(chunk: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<RawAdtlMember>, Error> {
        let chunks = collect_list_form(chunk)?;
-        let mut retval : Vec<RawAdtlMember> = vec![];
+        let mut retval: Vec<RawAdtlMember> = vec![];

        for chunk in chunks.iter() {
-            retval.push( 
-                match chunk.signature {
-                    LABL_SIG => RawAdtlMember::Label( RawLabel::read_from(&chunk.contents)? ),
-                    NOTE_SIG => RawAdtlMember::Note( RawNote::read_from(&chunk.contents)? ),
-                    LTXT_SIG => RawAdtlMember::LabeledText( RawLtxt::read_from(&chunk.contents)? ),
-                    x => RawAdtlMember::Unrecognized(x)
-                }
-            )
+            retval.push(match chunk.signature {
+                LABL_SIG => RawAdtlMember::Label(RawLabel::read_from(&chunk.contents)?),
+                NOTE_SIG => RawAdtlMember::Note(RawNote::read_from(&chunk.contents)?),
+                LTXT_SIG => RawAdtlMember::LabeledText(RawLtxt::read_from(&chunk.contents)?),
+                x => RawAdtlMember::Unrecognized(x),
+            })
        }
-        Ok( retval )
+        Ok(retval)
    }
 }

 trait AdtlMemberSearch {
    fn labels_for_cue_point(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<&RawLabel>;
-    fn notes_for_cue_point(&self, id : u32) -> Vec<&RawNote>;
+    fn notes_for_cue_point(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<&RawNote>;
    fn ltxt_for_cue_point(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<&RawLtxt>;
 }

 impl AdtlMemberSearch for Vec<RawAdtlMember> {
-
    fn labels_for_cue_point(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<&RawLabel> {
-        self.iter().filter_map(|item| {
-            match item {
+        self.iter()
+            .filter_map(|item| match item {
                RawAdtlMember::Label(x) if x.cue_point_id == id => Some(x),
-                _ => None
-            }
-        })
-        .collect()
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .collect()
    }
-    
-    fn notes_for_cue_point(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<&RawNote> { 
-        self.iter().filter_map(|item| {
-            match item {
+
+    fn notes_for_cue_point(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<&RawNote> {
+        self.iter()
+            .filter_map(|item| match item {
                RawAdtlMember::Note(x) if x.cue_point_id == id => Some(x),
-                _ => None
-            }
-        })
-        .collect()  
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .collect()
    }

    fn ltxt_for_cue_point(&self, id: u32) -> Vec<&RawLtxt> {
-        self.iter().filter_map(|item| {
-            match item {
+        self.iter()
+            .filter_map(|item| match item {
                RawAdtlMember::LabeledText(x) if x.cue_point_id == id => Some(x),
-                _ => None
-            }
-        })
-        .collect()
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .collect()
    }
 }

 /// A cue point recorded in the `cue` and `adtl` metadata.
-/// 
+///
 /// ## Resources
 /// - [Cue list, label and other metadata](https://sites.google.com/site/musicgapi/technical-documents/wav-file-format#smpl)
-/// 
+///
 /// ### Not Implemented
 /// - [EBU 3285 Supplement 2](https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3285s2.pdf) (July 2001): Quality chunk and cuesheet
 pub struct Cue {
-
-    /// Unique numeric identifier for this cue
-    pub ident : u32,
-
    /// The time of this marker
-    pub frame : u32,
+    pub frame: u32,

    /// The length of this marker, if it is a range
-    pub length : Option<u32>,
+    pub length: Option<u32>,

    /// The text "label"/name of this marker if provided
-    pub label : Option<String>,
+    pub label: Option<String>,

    /// The text "note"/comment of this marker if provided
-    pub note : Option<String>
+    pub note: Option<String>,
+
+    /// The offser of this marker
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** Applications use the `frame` and `offset` fields
+    /// in different ways. iZotope RX Audio Editor writes the
+    /// marker position to *both* fields, while a Sound Devices
+    /// recorder writes the marker position to *only* the `offset`
+    /// field.
+    pub offset: u32,
 }

+fn convert_to_cue_string(buffer: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let trimmed: Vec<u8> = buffer.iter().take_while(|c| **c != 0_u8).cloned().collect();
+    ASCII
+        .decode(&trimmed, DecoderTrap::Ignore)
+        .expect("Error decoding text")
+}

-fn convert_to_cue_string(buffer : &[u8]) -> String {
-    let trimmed : Vec<u8> = buffer.iter().take_while(|c| **c != 0 as u8).cloned().collect();
-    ASCII.decode(&trimmed, DecoderTrap::Ignore).expect("Error decoding text")
+fn convert_from_cue_string(val: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    ASCII
+        .encode(val, EncoderTrap::Ignore)
+        .expect("Error encoding text")
 }

 impl Cue {
+    /// Take a list of `Cue`s and convert it into `RawCue` and `RawAdtlMember`s
+    fn compile_to(cues: &[Cue]) -> (Vec<RawCue>, Vec<RawAdtlMember>) {
+        cues.iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(n, cue)| {
+                let raw_cue = RawCue {
+                    cue_point_id: n as u32,
+                    frame: cue.frame,
+                    chunk_id: DATA_SIG,
+                    chunk_start: 0,
+                    block_start: 0,
+                    frame_offset: cue.offset,
+                };

-    pub fn collect_from(cue_chunk : &[u8], adtl_chunk : Option<&[u8]>) -> Result<Vec<Cue>, Error> {
+                let raw_label = cue.label.as_ref().map(|val| RawLabel {
+                    cue_point_id: n as u32,
+                    text: convert_from_cue_string(val),
+                });
+
+                let raw_note = cue.note.as_ref().map(|val| RawNote {
+                    cue_point_id: n as u32,
+                    text: convert_from_cue_string(val),
+                });
+
+                let raw_ltxt = cue.length.map(|val| RawLtxt {
+                    cue_point_id: n as u32,
+                    frame_length: val,
+                    purpose: FourCC::make(b"rgn "),
+                    country: 0,
+                    language: 0,
+                    dialect: 0,
+                    code_page: 0,
+                    text: None,
+                });
+
+                (raw_cue, raw_label, raw_note, raw_ltxt)
+            })
+            .fold(
+                (Vec::<RawCue>::new(), Vec::<RawAdtlMember>::new()),
+                |(mut cues, mut adtls), (cue, label, note, ltxt)| {
+                    cues.push(cue);
+                    if let Some(l) = label {
+                        adtls.push(RawAdtlMember::Label(l))
+                    }
+                    if let Some(n) = note {
+                        adtls.push(RawAdtlMember::Note(n))
+                    }
+                    if let Some(m) = ltxt {
+                        adtls.push(RawAdtlMember::LabeledText(m))
+                    }
+                    (cues, adtls)
+                },
+            )
+    }
+
+    pub fn collect_from(cue_chunk: &[u8], adtl_chunk: Option<&[u8]>) -> Result<Vec<Cue>, Error> {
        let raw_cues = RawCue::read_from(cue_chunk)?;
-        let raw_adtl : Vec<RawAdtlMember>;
+        let raw_adtl: Vec<RawAdtlMember>;

        if let Some(adtl) = adtl_chunk {
            raw_adtl = RawAdtlMember::collect_from(adtl)?;
        } else {
            raw_adtl = vec![];
        }
-        

-        Ok( 
-            raw_cues.iter()
+        Ok(raw_cues
+            .iter()
            .map(|i| {
                Cue {
-                    ident : i.cue_point_id,
-                    frame : i.frame,
+                    //ident : i.cue_point_id,
+                    frame: i.frame,
                    length: {
-                        raw_adtl.ltxt_for_cue_point(i.cue_point_id).first()
-                        .filter(|x| x.purpose == FourCC::make(b"rgn "))
-                        .map(|x| x.frame_length)
+                        raw_adtl
+                            .ltxt_for_cue_point(i.cue_point_id)
+                            .first()
+                            .filter(|x| x.purpose == FourCC::make(b"rgn "))
+                            .map(|x| x.frame_length)
                    },
                    label: {
-                        raw_adtl.labels_for_cue_point(i.cue_point_id).iter()
+                        raw_adtl
+                            .labels_for_cue_point(i.cue_point_id)
+                            .iter()
                            .map(|s| convert_to_cue_string(&s.text))
                            .next()
                    },
-                    note : {
-                        raw_adtl.notes_for_cue_point(i.cue_point_id).iter()
+                    note: {
+                        raw_adtl
+                            .notes_for_cue_point(i.cue_point_id)
+                            .iter()
                            //.filter_map(|x| str::from_utf8(&x.text).ok())
                            .map(|s| convert_to_cue_string(&s.text))
                            .next()
-                    }
+                    },
+                    offset: i.frame_offset,
                }
-            }).collect() 
-        )
+            })
+            .collect())
    }
-
-}
+}
--- a/src/errors.rs
+++ b/src/errors.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-use std::io;
 use super::fourcc::FourCC;
-
-use uuid;
+use std::error::Error as StdError;
+use std::{
+    fmt::{Debug, Display},
+    io,
+};

 /// Errors returned by methods in this crate.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Error {
-
    /// An `io::Error` occurred
    IOError(io::Error),

@@ -15,14 +16,14 @@ pub enum Error {

    /// The file does not begin with a recognized WAVE header
    HeaderNotRecognized,
-    
+
    /// A wave file with a 64-bit header does not contain
    /// the required `ds64` metadata element
    MissingRequiredDS64,

    /// A data chunk required to complete the operation
    /// is not present in the file
-    ChunkMissing { signature : FourCC },
+    ChunkMissing { signature: FourCC },

    /// The file is formatted improperly
    FmtChunkAfterData,
@@ -36,13 +37,25 @@ pub enum Error {

    /// The file cannot be converted into an RF64 file due
    /// to its internal structure
-    InsufficientDS64Reservation {expected: u64, actual: u64},
+    InsufficientDS64Reservation { expected: u64, actual: u64 },

    /// The file is not optimized for writing new data
    DataChunkNotPreparedForAppend,

+    /// A buffer with a length that isn't a multiple of channel_count was provided
+    InvalidBufferSize {
+        buffer_size: usize,
+        channel_count: u16,
+    },
 }

+impl StdError for Error {}
+
+impl Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        Debug::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+}

 impl From<io::Error> for Error {
    fn from(error: io::Error) -> Error {
@@ -50,8 +63,8 @@ impl From<io::Error> for Error {
    }
 }

-impl From <uuid::Error> for Error {
+impl From<uuid::Error> for Error {
    fn from(error: uuid::Error) -> Error {
        Error::UuidError(error)
-    }  
-}
+    }
+}
--- a/src/fmt.rs
+++ b/src/fmt.rs
@@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
-use uuid::Uuid;
-use super::common_format::{CommonFormat, UUID_PCM,UUID_BFORMAT_PCM};
+use crate::common_format::{CommonFormat, WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_PCM, WAVE_UUID_PCM};
+use crate::Sample;
+
 use std::io::Cursor;
+use uuid::Uuid;

 use byteorder::LittleEndian;
-use byteorder::WriteBytesExt;
+use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;

 // Need more test cases for ADMAudioID
 #[allow(dead_code)]

 /// ADM Audio ID record.
-/// 
+///
 /// This structure relates a channel in the wave file to either a common ADM
-/// channel definition or further definition in the WAV file's ADM metadata 
+/// channel definition or further definition in the WAV file's ADM metadata
 /// chunk.
-/// 
-/// An individual channel in a WAV file can have multiple Audio IDs in an ADM 
+///
+/// An individual channel in a WAV file can have multiple Audio IDs in an ADM
 /// `AudioProgramme`.
-/// 
+///
 /// See BS.2088-1 § 8, also BS.2094, also blahblahblah...
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ADMAudioID {
    pub track_uid: [char; 12],
    pub channel_format_ref: [char; 14],
-    pub pack_ref: [char; 11]
+    pub pack_ref: [char; 11],
 }

 /// Describes a single channel in a WAV file.
-/// 
+///
 /// This information is correlated from the Wave format ChannelMap field and
 /// the `chna` chunk, if present.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ChannelDescriptor {
    /// Index, the offset of this channel's samples in one frame.
    pub index: u16,

    /// Channel assignment
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// This is either implied (in the case of mono or stereo wave files) or
    /// explicitly given in `WaveFormatExtentended` for files with more tracks.
    pub speaker: ChannelMask,
@@ -42,40 +46,38 @@ pub struct ChannelDescriptor {
    pub adm_track_audio_ids: Vec<ADMAudioID>,
 }

-
-/// A bitmask indicating which channels are present in 
+/// A bitmask indicating which channels are present in
 /// the file.
-/// 
+///
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub enum ChannelMask {
-    DirectOut        = 0x0,
-    FrontLeft        = 0x1,
-    FrontRight       = 0x2,
-    FrontCenter      = 0x4,
-    LowFrequency     = 0x8,
-    BackLeft         = 0x10,
-    BackRight        = 0x20,
-    FrontCenterLeft  = 0x40,
+    DirectOut = 0x0,
+    FrontLeft = 0x1,
+    FrontRight = 0x2,
+    FrontCenter = 0x4,
+    LowFrequency = 0x8,
+    BackLeft = 0x10,
+    BackRight = 0x20,
+    FrontCenterLeft = 0x40,
    FrontCenterRight = 0x80,
-    BackCenter       = 0x100,
-    SideLeft         = 0x200,
-    SideRight        = 0x400,
-    TopCenter        = 0x800,
-    TopFrontLeft     = 0x1000,
-    TopFrontCenter   = 0x2000,
-    TopFrontRight    = 0x4000,
-    TopBackLeft      = 0x8000,
-    TopBackCenter    = 0x10000,
-    TopBackRight     = 0x20000,
+    BackCenter = 0x100,
+    SideLeft = 0x200,
+    SideRight = 0x400,
+    TopCenter = 0x800,
+    TopFrontLeft = 0x1000,
+    TopFrontCenter = 0x2000,
+    TopFrontRight = 0x4000,
+    TopBackLeft = 0x8000,
+    TopBackCenter = 0x10000,
+    TopBackRight = 0x20000,
 }

 impl From<u32> for ChannelMask {
-    
-    fn from(value: u32) -> Self { 
+    fn from(value: u32) -> Self {
        match value {
            0x1 => Self::FrontLeft,
            0x2 => Self::FrontRight,
-            0x4 => Self::FrontCenter, 
+            0x4 => Self::FrontCenter,
            0x8 => Self::LowFrequency,
            0x10 => Self::BackLeft,
            0x20 => Self::BackRight,
@@ -85,26 +87,27 @@ impl From<u32> for ChannelMask {
            0x200 => Self::SideLeft,
            0x400 => Self::SideRight,
            0x800 => Self::TopCenter,
-            0x1000 => Self::TopFrontLeft, 
+            0x1000 => Self::TopFrontLeft,
            0x2000 => Self::TopFrontCenter,
            0x4000 => Self::TopFrontRight,
            0x8000 => Self::TopBackLeft,
            0x10000 => Self::TopBackCenter,
            0x20000 => Self::TopBackRight,
-            _ => Self::DirectOut 
+            _ => Self::DirectOut,
        }
    }
 }

 impl ChannelMask {
-    pub fn channels(input_mask : u32, channel_count: u16) -> Vec<ChannelMask> {
+    pub fn channels(input_mask: u32, channel_count: u16) -> Vec<ChannelMask> {
        let reserved_mask = 0xfff2_0000_u32;
        if (input_mask & reserved_mask) > 0 {
-            vec![ ChannelMask::DirectOut ; channel_count as usize ]
+            vec![ChannelMask::DirectOut; channel_count as usize]
        } else {
-            (0..18).map(|i| 1 << i )
+            (0..18)
+                .map(|i| 1 << i)
                .filter(|mask| mask & input_mask > 0)
-                .map(|mask| Into::<ChannelMask>::into(mask))
+                .map(ChannelMask::from)
                .collect()
        }
    }
@@ -112,36 +115,36 @@ impl ChannelMask {

 /**
 * Extended Wave Format
- * 
- * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/mmreg/ns-mmreg-waveformatextensible
+ *
+ * Resources:
+ * * [WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE structure](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/mmreg/ns-mmreg-waveformatextensible)
 */
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct WaveFmtExtended {
-
    /// Valid bits per sample
-    pub valid_bits_per_sample : u16,
+    pub valid_bits_per_sample: u16,

    /// Channel mask
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// Identifies the speaker assignment for each channel in the file
-    pub channel_mask : u32,
+    pub channel_mask: u32,

    /// Codec GUID
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// Identifies the codec of the audio stream
-    pub type_guid : Uuid,
+    pub type_guid: Uuid,
 }

 ///
 /// WAV file data format record.
 ///
 /// The `fmt` record contains essential information describing the binary
-/// structure of the data segment of the WAVE file, such as sample 
+/// structure of the data segment of the WAVE file, such as sample
 /// rate, sample binary format, channel count, etc.
 ///
-/// 
-/// ## Resources 
-/// 
+///
+/// ## Resources
+///
 /// ### Implementation of Wave format `fmt` chunk
 /// - [MSDN WAVEFORMATEX](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/mmeapi/ns-mmeapi-waveformatex)
 /// - [MSDN WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/mmreg/ns-mmreg-waveformatextensible)
@@ -149,20 +152,18 @@ pub struct WaveFmtExtended {
 /// ### Other resources
 /// - [RFC 3261][rfc3261] (June 1998) "WAVE and AVI Codec Registries"
 /// - [Sampler Metadata](http://www.piclist.com/techref/io/serial/midi/wave.html)
-/// - [Peter Kabal, McGill University](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/WAVE.html)
-/// - [Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/Docs/riffmci.pdf) 
+/// - [Audio File Format Specifications](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/WAVE.html) (September 2022) Prof. Peter Kabal, MMSP Lab, ECE, McGill University
+/// - [Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/Docs/riffmci.pdf)
 ///    (August 1991), IBM Corporation and Microsoft Corporation
-/// 
-/// [rfc3261]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2361 
-
+///
+/// [rfc3261]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2361

 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct WaveFmt {
-
    /// A tag identifying the codec in use.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// If this is 0xFFFE, the codec will be identified by a GUID
-    /// in `extended_format`
+    /// in [`extended_format`](WaveFmt::extended_format).
    pub tag: u16,

    /// Count of audio channels in each frame
@@ -174,12 +175,12 @@ pub struct WaveFmt {
    pub sample_rate: u32,

    /// Count of bytes per second
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// By rule, this is `block_alignment * sample_rate`
    pub bytes_per_second: u32,

    /// Count of bytes per audio frame
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// By rule, this is `channel_count * bits_per_sample / 8`
    pub block_alignment: u16,

@@ -197,15 +198,13 @@ pub struct WaveFmt {
    pub bits_per_sample: u16,

    /// Extended format description
-    /// 
-    /// Additional format metadata if `channel_count` is greater than 2,
+    ///
+    /// Additional format metadata if channel_count is greater than 2,
    /// or if certain codecs are used.
-    pub extended_format: Option<WaveFmtExtended>
+    pub extended_format: Option<WaveFmtExtended>,
 }

-
 impl WaveFmt {
-
    pub fn valid_bits_per_sample(&self) -> u16 {
        if let Some(ext) = self.extended_format {
            ext.valid_bits_per_sample
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ impl WaveFmt {
        Self::new_pcm_multichannel(sample_rate, bits_per_sample, 0x4)
    }

-    /// Create a new integer PCM format for a standard Left-Right stereo audio 
+    /// Create a new integer PCM format for a standard Left-Right stereo audio
    /// stream.
    pub fn new_pcm_stereo(sample_rate: u32, bits_per_sample: u16) -> Self {
        Self::new_pcm_multichannel(sample_rate, bits_per_sample, 0x3)
@@ -228,45 +227,61 @@ impl WaveFmt {
    /// Create a new integer PCM format for ambisonic b-format.
    pub fn new_pcm_ambisonic(sample_rate: u32, bits_per_sample: u16, channel_count: u16) -> Self {
        let container_bits_per_sample = bits_per_sample + (bits_per_sample % 8);
-        let container_bytes_per_sample= container_bits_per_sample / 8;
+        let container_bytes_per_sample = container_bits_per_sample / 8;

        WaveFmt {
-            tag : 0xFFFE,
+            tag: 0xFFFE,
            channel_count,
            sample_rate,
-            bytes_per_second: container_bytes_per_sample as u32 * sample_rate * channel_count as u32,
+            bytes_per_second: container_bytes_per_sample as u32
+                * sample_rate
+                * channel_count as u32,
            block_alignment: container_bytes_per_sample * channel_count,
            bits_per_sample: container_bits_per_sample,
            extended_format: Some(WaveFmtExtended {
                valid_bits_per_sample: bits_per_sample,
                channel_mask: ChannelMask::DirectOut as u32,
-                type_guid: UUID_BFORMAT_PCM
-            })
+                type_guid: WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_PCM,
+            }),
        }
    }

-    /// Create a new integer PCM format `WaveFmt` with a custom channel bitmap.
-    /// 
-    /// The order of `channels` is not important. When reading or writing 
-    /// audio frames you must use the standard multichannel order for Wave 
-    /// files, the numerical order of the cases of `ChannelMask`.
-    pub fn new_pcm_multichannel(sample_rate: u32, bits_per_sample: u16, channel_bitmap: u32) -> Self {
+    /// Create a new integer PCM format [WaveFmt] with a custom channel bitmap.
+    ///
+    /// The order of [channels](WaveFmt::channels) is not important. When reading or writing
+    /// audio frames you must use the standard multichannel order for Wave
+    /// files, the numerical order of the cases of [ChannelMask].
+    pub fn new_pcm_multichannel(
+        sample_rate: u32,
+        bits_per_sample: u16,
+        channel_bitmap: u32,
+    ) -> Self {
        let container_bits_per_sample = bits_per_sample + (bits_per_sample % 8);
-        let container_bytes_per_sample= container_bits_per_sample / 8;
-        
-        let channel_count: u16 = (0..=31).fold(0u16, |accum, n| accum + (0x1 & (channel_bitmap >> n) as u16) );
+        let container_bytes_per_sample = container_bits_per_sample / 8;

-        let result : (u16, Option<WaveFmtExtended>) = match channel_bitmap {
+        let channel_count: u16 = (0..=31).fold(0u16, |accum, n| {
+            accum + (0x1 & (channel_bitmap >> n) as u16)
+        });
+
+        let result: (u16, Option<WaveFmtExtended>) = match channel_bitmap {
            ch if bits_per_sample != container_bits_per_sample => (
-                (0xFFFE, Some(WaveFmtExtended { valid_bits_per_sample: bits_per_sample, channel_mask: ch, 
-                    type_guid: UUID_PCM }) )
+                0xFFFE,
+                Some(WaveFmtExtended {
+                    valid_bits_per_sample: bits_per_sample,
+                    channel_mask: ch,
+                    type_guid: WAVE_UUID_PCM,
+                }),
            ),
            0b0100 => (0x0001, None),
            0b0011 => (0x0001, None),
            ch => (
-                (0xFFFE, Some( WaveFmtExtended { valid_bits_per_sample: bits_per_sample, channel_mask: ch, 
-                    type_guid: UUID_PCM}))
-            )
+                0xFFFE,
+                Some(WaveFmtExtended {
+                    valid_bits_per_sample: bits_per_sample,
+                    channel_mask: ch,
+                    type_guid: WAVE_UUID_PCM,
+                }),
+            ),
        };

        let (tag, extformat) = result;
@@ -275,107 +290,158 @@ impl WaveFmt {
            tag,
            channel_count,
            sample_rate,
-            bytes_per_second: container_bytes_per_sample as u32 * sample_rate * channel_count as u32,
+            bytes_per_second: container_bytes_per_sample as u32
+                * sample_rate
+                * channel_count as u32,
            block_alignment: container_bytes_per_sample * channel_count,
            bits_per_sample: container_bits_per_sample,
-            extended_format: extformat
+            extended_format: extformat,
        }
    }

    /// Format or codec of the file's audio data.
-    /// 
-    /// The `CommonFormat` unifies the format tag and the format extension GUID. Use this
+    ///
+    /// The [CommonFormat] unifies the format tag and the format extension GUID. Use this
    /// method to determine the codec.
    pub fn common_format(&self) -> CommonFormat {
-        CommonFormat::make( self.tag, self.extended_format.map(|ext| ext.type_guid))
+        CommonFormat::make(self.tag, self.extended_format.map(|ext| ext.type_guid))
    }

-    /// Create a frame buffer sized to hold frames for a reader or writer
-    /// 
+    /// Create a frame buffer sized to hold `length` frames for a reader or
+    /// writer
+    ///
    /// This is a conveneince method that creates a `Vec<i32>` with
-    /// as many elements as there are channels in the underlying stream. 
-    pub fn create_frame_buffer(&self) -> Vec<i32> {
-        vec![0i32; self.channel_count as usize]
+    /// as many elements as there are channels in the underlying stream.
+    pub fn create_frame_buffer<S: Sample>(&self, length: usize) -> Vec<S> {
+        vec![S::EQUILIBRIUM; self.channel_count as usize * length]
    }

-    /// Calculate the size of a byte buffer needed to hold audio data of this 
-    /// format for a given number of frames
-    pub fn buffer_length(&self, frame_count: u64) -> usize {
-        (self.block_alignment as u64 * frame_count) as usize
-    }
-
-    // Write frames into a byte vector
-    pub fn pack_frames(&self, from_frames: &[i32], into_bytes: &mut Vec<u8>) -> () {
-        let mut write_cursor = Cursor::new(into_bytes);
-
-        assert!(from_frames.len() % self.channel_count as usize == 0, 
-            "frames buffer does not contain a number of samples % channel_count == 0");
-
-            for n in 0..from_frames.len() {
-                match (self.valid_bits_per_sample(), self.bits_per_sample) {
-                    (0..=8,8) => write_cursor.write_u8((from_frames[n] + 0x80) as u8 ).unwrap(), // EBU 3285 §A2.2
-                    (9..=16,16) => write_cursor.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(from_frames[n] as i16).unwrap(),
-                    (10..=24,24) => write_cursor.write_i24::<LittleEndian>(from_frames[n]).unwrap(),
-                    (25..=32,32) => write_cursor.write_i32::<LittleEndian>(from_frames[n]).unwrap(),
-                    (b,_)=> panic!("Unrecognized integer format, bits per sample {}, channels {}, block_alignment {}", 
-                        b, self.channel_count, self.block_alignment)
-                }
-            }
-        ()
+    /// Create a raw byte buffer to hold `length` blocks from a reader or
+    /// writer
+    pub fn create_raw_buffer(&self, length: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+        vec![0u8; self.block_alignment as usize * length]
    }

    /// Read bytes into frames
-    // pub fn unpack_frames(&self, from_bytes: &[u8], into_frames: &mut Vec<i32>) -> () {
-    //     for n in 0..(from_bytes.len()) {
-    //         buffer[n] = match (self.format.bits_per_sample, framed_bits_per_sample) {
-    //             (0..=8,8) => self.inner.read_u8()? as i32 - 0x80_i32, // EBU 3285 §A2.2
-    //             (9..=16,16) => self.inner.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()? as i32,
-    //             (10..=24,24) => self.inner.read_i24::<LittleEndian>()?,
-    //             (25..=32,32) => self.inner.read_i32::<LittleEndian>()?,
-    //             (b,_)=> panic!("Unrecognized integer format, bits per sample {}, channels {}, block_alignment {}", 
-    //                 b, self.format.channel_count, self.format.block_alignment)
-    //         }
-    //     }
-    // }
-
+    pub fn unpack_frames(&self, from_bytes: &[u8], into_frames: &mut [i32]) {
+        let mut rdr = Cursor::new(from_bytes);
+        for frame in into_frames {
+            *frame = match (self.valid_bits_per_sample(), self.bits_per_sample) {
+                (0..=8,8) => rdr.read_u8().unwrap() as i32 - 0x80_i32, // EBU 3285 §A2.2
+                (9..=16,16) => rdr.read_i16::<LittleEndian>().unwrap() as i32,
+                (10..=24,24) => rdr.read_i24::<LittleEndian>().unwrap(),
+                (25..=32,32) => rdr.read_i32::<LittleEndian>().unwrap(),
+                (b,_)=> panic!("Unrecognized integer format, bits per sample {}, channels {}, block_alignment {}", 
+                    b, self.channel_count, self.block_alignment)
+            }
+        }
+    }

    /// Channel descriptors for each channel.
    pub fn channels(&self) -> Vec<ChannelDescriptor> {
        match self.channel_count {
-            1 => vec![
-                ChannelDescriptor {
-                    index: 0,
-                    speaker: ChannelMask::FrontCenter,
-                    adm_track_audio_ids: vec![]
-                }
-            ],
+            1 => vec![ChannelDescriptor {
+                index: 0,
+                speaker: ChannelMask::FrontCenter,
+                adm_track_audio_ids: vec![],
+            }],
            2 => vec![
                ChannelDescriptor {
                    index: 0,
                    speaker: ChannelMask::FrontLeft,
-                    adm_track_audio_ids: vec![]
+                    adm_track_audio_ids: vec![],
                },
                ChannelDescriptor {
                    index: 1,
                    speaker: ChannelMask::FrontRight,
-                    adm_track_audio_ids: vec![]
-                }
+                    adm_track_audio_ids: vec![],
+                },
            ],
            x if x > 2 => {
                let channel_mask = self.extended_format.map(|x| x.channel_mask).unwrap_or(0);
                let channels = ChannelMask::channels(channel_mask, self.channel_count);
-                let channels_expanded = channels.iter().chain(std::iter::repeat(&ChannelMask::DirectOut));
+                let channels_expanded = channels
+                    .iter()
+                    .chain(std::iter::repeat(&ChannelMask::DirectOut));

                (0..self.channel_count)
                    .zip(channels_expanded)
-                    .map(|(n,chan)| ChannelDescriptor {
+                    .map(|(n, chan)| ChannelDescriptor {
                        index: n,
-                        speaker: *chan, 
-                        adm_track_audio_ids: vec![]
-                    }).collect()
-            },
+                        speaker: *chan,
+                        adm_track_audio_ids: vec![],
+                    })
+                    .collect()
+            }
            x => panic!("Channel count ({}) was illegal!", x),
        }
    }
 }

+pub trait ReadWavAudioData {
+    /// Read audio data from the receiver as interleaved [i32] samples.
+    fn read_i32_frames(
+        &mut self,
+        format: WaveFmt,
+        into: &mut [i32],
+    ) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error>;
+    fn read_f32_frames(
+        &mut self,
+        format: WaveFmt,
+        into: &mut [f32],
+    ) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<T> ReadWavAudioData for T
+where
+    T: std::io::Read,
+{
+    /// # Panics:
+    /// * If the format's [valid bits per sample](WaveFmt::valid_bits_per_sample) is
+    ///   not compatible with the format's [bits per sample](WaveFmt::bits_per_sample).
+    fn read_i32_frames(
+        &mut self,
+        format: WaveFmt,
+        into: &mut [i32],
+    ) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
+        assert!(into.len() % format.channel_count as usize == 0);
+
+        for frame in into {
+            *frame = match (format.valid_bits_per_sample(), format.bits_per_sample) {
+                (0..=8,8) => self.read_u8().unwrap() as i32 - 0x80_i32, // EBU 3285 §A2.2
+                (9..=16,16) => self.read_i16::<LittleEndian>().unwrap() as i32,
+                (10..=24,24) => self.read_i24::<LittleEndian>().unwrap(),
+                (25..=32,32) => self.read_i32::<LittleEndian>().unwrap(),
+                (b,_)=> panic!("Unrecognized integer format, bits per sample {}, channels {}, block_alignment {}", 
+                    b, format.channel_count, format.block_alignment)
+            }
+        }
+
+        todo!()
+    }
+    fn read_f32_frames(
+        &mut self,
+        format: WaveFmt,
+        into: &mut [f32],
+    ) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
+        assert!(into.len() % format.channel_count as usize == 0);
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+trait WriteWavAudioData {
+    fn write_i32_frames(&mut self, format: WaveFmt, from: &[i32]) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error>;
+    fn write_f32_frames(&mut self, format: WaveFmt, from: &[f32]) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error>;
+}
+
+impl<T> WriteWavAudioData for T
+where
+    T: std::io::Write,
+{
+    fn write_i32_frames(&mut self, _format: WaveFmt, _: &[i32]) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+    fn write_f32_frames(&mut self, _format: WaveFmt, _: &[f32]) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
--- a/src/fourcc.rs
+++ b/src/fourcc.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::io;

 /// A Four-character Code
-/// 
+///
 /// For idetifying chunks, structured contiguous slices or segments
 /// within a WAV file.
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Copy, Clone)]
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@ impl FourCC {
 }

 impl From<[char; 4]> for FourCC {
-    fn from(chars : [char; 4]) -> Self {
-        Self([chars[0] as u8 , chars[1] as u8, chars[2] as u8, chars[3] as u8])
+    fn from(chars: [char; 4]) -> Self {
+        Self([
+            chars[0] as u8,
+            chars[1] as u8,
+            chars[2] as u8,
+            chars[3] as u8,
+        ])
    }
 }

@@ -32,37 +37,45 @@ impl From<FourCC> for [u8; 4] {
    }
 }

-
-impl From<&FourCC> for [char;4] {
-    fn from( f: &FourCC) -> Self {
-        [f.0[0] as char, f.0[1] as char, f.0[2] as char, f.0[3] as char,]
+impl From<&FourCC> for [char; 4] {
+    fn from(f: &FourCC) -> Self {
+        [
+            f.0[0] as char,
+            f.0[1] as char,
+            f.0[2] as char,
+            f.0[3] as char,
+        ]
    }
 }

-impl From<FourCC> for [char;4] {
-    fn from( f: FourCC) -> Self {
-        [f.0[0] as char, f.0[1] as char, f.0[2] as char, f.0[3] as char,]
+impl From<FourCC> for [char; 4] {
+    fn from(f: FourCC) -> Self {
+        [
+            f.0[0] as char,
+            f.0[1] as char,
+            f.0[2] as char,
+            f.0[3] as char,
+        ]
    }
 }

-
 impl From<&FourCC> for String {
-    fn from(f: &FourCC) -> Self { 
-        let chars: [char;4] = f.into();
-        chars.iter().collect::<String>() 
+    fn from(f: &FourCC) -> Self {
+        let chars: [char; 4] = f.into();
+        chars.iter().collect::<String>()
    }
 }

 impl From<FourCC> for String {
-    fn from(f: FourCC) -> Self { 
-        let chars: [char;4] = f.into();
-        chars.iter().collect::<String>() 
+    fn from(f: FourCC) -> Self {
+        let chars: [char; 4] = f.into();
+        chars.iter().collect::<String>()
    }
 }

 impl Debug for FourCC {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::result::Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
-        let s : String = self.into();
+        let s: String = self.into();
        write!(f, "FourCC({})", s)
    }
 }
@@ -72,30 +85,35 @@ pub trait ReadFourCC: io::Read {
 }

 pub trait WriteFourCC: io::Write {
-    fn write_fourcc(&mut self, fourcc :FourCC) -> Result<(), io::Error>;
+    fn write_fourcc(&mut self, fourcc: FourCC) -> Result<(), io::Error>;
 }

-impl<T> ReadFourCC for T where T: io::Read { 
+impl<T> ReadFourCC for T
+where
+    T: io::Read,
+{
    fn read_fourcc(&mut self) -> Result<FourCC, io::Error> {
-        let mut buf : [u8; 4] = [0 ; 4];
+        let mut buf: [u8; 4] = [0; 4];
        self.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
-        Ok( FourCC::from(buf) )
+        Ok(FourCC::from(buf))
    }
 }

-impl<T> WriteFourCC for T where T: io::Write {
-    fn write_fourcc(&mut self, fourcc :FourCC) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
-        let buf : [u8; 4] = fourcc.into();
+impl<T> WriteFourCC for T
+where
+    T: io::Write,
+{
+    fn write_fourcc(&mut self, fourcc: FourCC) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+        let buf: [u8; 4] = fourcc.into();
        self.write_all(&buf)?;
        Ok(())
    }
 }

-
 pub const RIFF_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"RIFF");
 pub const WAVE_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"WAVE");
-pub const RF64_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"RF64"); 
-pub const DS64_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"ds64"); 
+pub const RF64_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"RF64");
+pub const DS64_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"ds64");
 pub const BW64_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"BW64");

 pub const DATA_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"data");
@@ -117,7 +135,6 @@ pub const LABL_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"labl");
 pub const NOTE_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"note");
 pub const LTXT_SIG: FourCC = FourCC::make(b"ltxt");

-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
@@ -125,7 +142,7 @@ mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn test_to_string() {
        let a = FourCC::make(b"a1b2");
-        let s : String = a.into();
+        let s: String = a.into();
        assert_eq!(s, "a1b2");
    }
-}
+}
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,29 +1,15 @@
-/*! 
+/*!
 # bwavfile
- 
+
 Rust Wave File Reader/Writer with Broadcast-WAV, MBWF and RF64 Support

-## Interfaces
-
-### `WaveReader`
-
-`WaveReader` can open and parse a Wave, Broadcast-Wave, or RF64/BW64 64-bit 
-wave file. Metadata can be accessed and parsed in arbitrary order and audio
-samples can be accessed using the `AudioFrameReader` type, created by an 
-accessor method of `WaveReader`.
-
-### `WaveWriter`
-
-`WaveWriter` can create a new Wave, Broadcast-Wave, or RF64/BW64 64-bit wave 
-file. Metadata chunks and audio samples are added sequentially, write-only, to 
-a Wave file which is automatically promoted from standard Wave to RF64 wave 
-when the total WAVE form size exceeds 0xFFFFFFFF bytes.
-
+Refer to the individual modules for relevant documentation. For opening
+and writing files begin with [WaveReader] and [WaveWriter] respectively.

 ## Objectives and Roadmap

-This package aims to support read and writing any kind of WAV file you are likely 
-to encounter in a professional audio, motion picture production, broadcast, or music 
+This package aims to support read and writing any kind of WAV file you are likely
+to encounter in a professional audio, motion picture production, broadcast, or music
 production.

 Apps we test against:
@@ -31,42 +17,42 @@ Apps we test against:
 - iZotope RX Audio Editor
 - FFMpeg
 - Audacity
+- Sound Devices field recorders: 702T, MixPre-10 II

 [github]: https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile
 */

-// #![feature(external_doc)]
-
-// #[doc(include="../README.md")]
-// #[cfg(doctest)]
-// pub struct ReadmeDoctests;
-
-extern crate encoding;
 extern crate byteorder;
+extern crate encoding;
 extern crate uuid;

-mod fourcc;
-mod errors;
 mod common_format;
+mod errors;
+mod fourcc;

+mod list_form;
 mod parser;

-mod audio_frame_reader;
-mod list_form;
-
+mod bext;
 mod chunks;
 mod cue;
-mod bext;
 mod fmt;

+mod sample;
+
 mod wavereader;
 mod wavewriter;

-pub use errors::Error;
-pub use wavereader::WaveReader;
-pub use wavewriter::{WaveWriter, AudioFrameWriter};
 pub use bext::Bext;
-pub use fmt::{WaveFmt, WaveFmtExtended, ChannelDescriptor, ChannelMask, ADMAudioID};
-pub use common_format::CommonFormat;
-pub use audio_frame_reader::AudioFrameReader;
-pub use cue::Cue;
+pub use common_format::{
+    CommonFormat, WAVE_TAG_EXTENDED, WAVE_TAG_FLOAT, WAVE_TAG_MPEG, WAVE_TAG_PCM,
+    WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_FLOAT, WAVE_UUID_BFORMAT_PCM, WAVE_UUID_FLOAT, WAVE_UUID_MPEG, WAVE_UUID_PCM,
+};
+pub use cue::Cue;
+pub use errors::Error;
+pub use fmt::{
+    ADMAudioID, ChannelDescriptor, ChannelMask, ReadWavAudioData, WaveFmt, WaveFmtExtended,
+};
+pub use sample::{Sample, I24};
+pub use wavereader::{AudioFrameReader, WaveReader};
+pub use wavewriter::{AudioFrameWriter, WaveWriter};
--- a/src/list_form.rs
+++ b/src/list_form.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 use super::fourcc::{FourCC, ReadFourCC};
-use byteorder::{ReadBytesExt, LittleEndian};
+use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt};
 use std::io::{Cursor, Error, Read};

 pub struct ListFormItem {
-    pub signature : FourCC,
-    pub contents : Vec<u8>
+    pub signature: FourCC,
+    pub contents: Vec<u8>,
 }

 /// A helper that will accept a LIST chunk as a [u8]
 /// and give you back each segment
-/// 
-pub fn collect_list_form(list_contents :& [u8]) -> Result<Vec<ListFormItem>, Error> {
+///
+pub fn collect_list_form(list_contents: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<ListFormItem>, Error> {
    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(list_contents);
    let mut remain = list_contents.len();
    let _ = cursor.read_fourcc()?; // skip signature

    remain -= 4;
-    let mut retval : Vec<ListFormItem> = vec![];
+    let mut retval: Vec<ListFormItem> = vec![];

    while remain > 0 {
        let this_sig = cursor.read_fourcc()?;
@@ -25,16 +25,18 @@ pub fn collect_list_form(list_contents :& [u8]) -> Result<Vec<ListFormItem>, Err
        let mut content_buf = vec![0u8; this_size];
        cursor.read_exact(&mut content_buf)?;
        remain -= this_size;
-        
-        retval.push( ListFormItem { signature : this_sig, contents : content_buf } );
-        
+
+        retval.push(ListFormItem {
+            signature: this_sig,
+            contents: content_buf,
+        });
+
        if this_size % 2 == 1 {
            cursor.read_u8()?;
            //panic!("Got this far!");
            remain -= 1;
        }
    }
-    

-    Ok( retval )
-}
+    Ok(retval)
+}
--- a/src/parser.rs
+++ b/src/parser.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::io;
 use std::io::SeekFrom::{Current, Start};
-use std::io::{Seek, Read};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io::{Read, Seek};

 use byteorder::LittleEndian;
 use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;

 use super::errors::Error;
 use super::fourcc::{FourCC, ReadFourCC};
-use super::fourcc::{RIFF_SIG, RF64_SIG, BW64_SIG, WAVE_SIG, DS64_SIG, DATA_SIG};
+use super::fourcc::{BW64_SIG, DATA_SIG, DS64_SIG, RF64_SIG, RIFF_SIG, WAVE_SIG};

 // just for your reference...
 // RF64 documentation https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-BS.2088-1-201910-I!!PDF-E.pdf
@@ -21,12 +20,26 @@ const RF64_SIZE_MARKER: u32 = 0xFF_FF_FF_FF;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Event {
    StartParse,
-    ReadHeader { signature: FourCC, length_field: u32 },
-    ReadRF64Header { signature: FourCC },
-    ReadDS64 {file_size: u64, long_sizes: HashMap<FourCC,u64> },
-    BeginChunk { signature: FourCC, content_start: u64, content_length: u64 },
-    Failed { error: Error },
-    FinishParse
+    ReadHeader {
+        signature: FourCC,
+        length_field: u32,
+    },
+    ReadRF64Header {
+        signature: FourCC,
+    },
+    ReadDS64 {
+        file_size: u64,
+        long_sizes: HashMap<FourCC, u64>,
+    },
+    BeginChunk {
+        signature: FourCC,
+        content_start: u64,
+        content_length: u64,
+    },
+    Failed {
+        error: Error,
+    },
+    FinishParse,
 }

 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -36,31 +49,30 @@ enum State {
    ReadyForDS64,
    ReadyForChunk { at: u64, remaining: u64 },
    Error,
-    Complete
+    Complete,
 }

 pub struct Parser<R: Read + Seek> {
    stream: R,
    state: State,
-    ds64state: HashMap<FourCC,u64>
+    ds64state: HashMap<FourCC, u64>,
 }

 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ChunkIteratorItem {
    pub signature: FourCC,
    pub start: u64,
-    pub length: u64
+    pub length: u64,
 }

 impl<R: Read + Seek> Parser<R> {
-    
    // wraps a stream
    pub fn make(stream: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let newmap: HashMap<FourCC, u64> = HashMap::new();
        let mut the_stream = stream;
        the_stream.seek(Start(0))?;
-        return Ok(Parser {
-            stream: the_stream, 
+        Ok(Parser {
+            stream: the_stream,
            state: State::New,
            ds64state: newmap,
        })
@@ -70,33 +82,47 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> Parser<R> {
    //     self.stream
    // }

-    pub fn into_chunk_iterator(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<ChunkIteratorItem, Error>>{
-        self.filter_map({|event|
-            if let Event::BeginChunk {signature , content_start, content_length } = event {
-                Some(Ok(ChunkIteratorItem {signature, start: content_start, length: content_length }))
-            } else if let Event::Failed { error }  = event {
-                Some(Err(error))
-            } else {
-                None
+    pub fn into_chunk_iterator(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<ChunkIteratorItem, Error>> {
+        self.filter_map({
+            |event| {
+                if let Event::BeginChunk {
+                    signature,
+                    content_start,
+                    content_length,
+                } = event
+                {
+                    Some(Ok(ChunkIteratorItem {
+                        signature,
+                        start: content_start,
+                        length: content_length,
+                    }))
+                } else if let Event::Failed { error } = event {
+                    Some(Err(error))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
            }
        })
    }

-    pub fn into_chunk_list(self) -> Result<Vec<ChunkIteratorItem>,Error> {
+    pub fn into_chunk_list(self) -> Result<Vec<ChunkIteratorItem>, Error> {
        let mut error = Ok(());

-        let chunks = self.into_chunk_iterator()
+        let chunks = self
+            .into_chunk_iterator()
            .scan(&mut error, |err, res| match res {
                Ok(ok) => Some(ok),
-                Err(e) => { **err = Err(e); None }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    **err = Err(e);
+                    None
+                }
            })
            .collect();
-            
+
        error?;

-        Ok( chunks )
+        Ok(chunks)
    }
-
 }

 impl<R: Read + Seek> Iterator for Parser<R> {
@@ -105,60 +131,58 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> Iterator for Parser<R> {
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Event> {
        let (event, next_state) = self.advance();
        self.state = next_state;
-        return event;
+        event
    }
 }

 impl<R: Read + Seek> Parser<R> {
-
-    fn parse_header(&mut self) -> Result<(Event,State),io::Error> {
+    fn parse_header(&mut self) -> Result<(Event, State), io::Error> {
        let file_sig = self.stream.read_fourcc()?;
        let length = self.stream.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()?;
        let list_sig = self.stream.read_fourcc()?;

-        let event : Event;
+        let event: Event;
        let next_state: State;

        match (file_sig, length, list_sig) {
            (RIFF_SIG, size, WAVE_SIG) => {
                event = Event::ReadHeader {
                    signature: file_sig,
-                    length_field: size
+                    length_field: size,
                };

                next_state = State::ReadyForChunk {
                    at: 12,
                    remaining: (length - 4) as u64,
                };
-            },
+            }
            (RF64_SIG, RF64_SIZE_MARKER, WAVE_SIG) | (BW64_SIG, RF64_SIZE_MARKER, WAVE_SIG) => {
                event = Event::ReadRF64Header {
-                    signature: file_sig
+                    signature: file_sig,
                };

                next_state = State::ReadyForDS64;
-            },
+            }
            _ => {
                event = Event::Failed {
-                    error: Error::HeaderNotRecognized
+                    error: Error::HeaderNotRecognized,
                };
                next_state = State::Error;
            }
        }

-        return Ok( (event, next_state) );
+        Ok((event, next_state))
    }

    fn parse_ds64(&mut self) -> Result<(Event, State), Error> {
-        let at :u64 = 12;
+        let at: u64 = 12;

        let ds64_sig = self.stream.read_fourcc()?;
        let ds64_size = self.stream.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()? as u64;
-        let mut read :u64 = 0;
+        let mut read: u64 = 0;

        if ds64_sig != DS64_SIG {
-            return Err(Error::MissingRequiredDS64);
-
+            Err(Error::MissingRequiredDS64)
        } else {
            let long_file_size = self.stream.read_u64::<LittleEndian>()?;
            let long_data_size = self.stream.read_u64::<LittleEndian>()?;
@@ -176,10 +200,10 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> Parser<R> {
            }

            self.ds64state.insert(DATA_SIG, long_data_size);
-            
+
            if read < ds64_size {
                /*  for some reason the ds64 chunk returned by Pro Tools is longer than
-                    it should be but it's all zeroes so... skip. 
+                    it should be but it's all zeroes so... skip.

                    For the record libsndfile seems to do the same thing...
                    https://github.com/libsndfile/libsndfile/blob/08d802a3d18fa19c74f38ed910d9e33f80248187/src/rf64.c#L230
@@ -189,7 +213,7 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> Parser<R> {

            let event = Event::ReadDS64 {
                file_size: long_file_size,
-                long_sizes : self.ds64state.clone(),
+                long_sizes: self.ds64state.clone(),
            };

            let state = State::ReadyForChunk {
@@ -197,19 +221,17 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> Parser<R> {
                remaining: long_file_size - (4 + 8 + ds64_size),
            };

-            return Ok( (event, state) );
+            Ok((event, state))
        }
    }

-    fn enter_chunk(&mut self, at :u64, remaining: u64) -> Result<(Event, State), io::Error> {
-
+    fn enter_chunk(&mut self, at: u64, remaining: u64) -> Result<(Event, State), io::Error> {
        let event;
        let state;

        if remaining == 0 {
            event = Event::FinishParse;
            state = State::Complete;
-
        } else {
            let this_fourcc = self.stream.read_fourcc()?;
            let this_size: u64;
@@ -221,59 +243,52 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> Parser<R> {
                this_size = self.stream.read_u32::<LittleEndian>()? as u64;
            }

-            let this_displacement :u64 = if this_size % 2 == 1 { this_size + 1 } else { this_size }; 
+            let this_displacement: u64 = if this_size % 2 == 1 {
+                this_size + 1
+            } else {
+                this_size
+            };
            self.stream.seek(Current(this_displacement as i64))?;

            event = Event::BeginChunk {
                signature: this_fourcc,
                content_start: at + 8,
-                content_length: this_size
+                content_length: this_size,
            };
-            
+
            state = State::ReadyForChunk {
                at: at + 8 + this_displacement,
-                remaining: remaining - 8 - this_displacement
+                remaining: remaining - 8 - this_displacement,
            }
        }

-        return Ok( (event, state) );
+        Ok((event, state))
    }

    fn handle_state(&mut self) -> Result<(Option<Event>, State), Error> {
        match self.state {
-            State::New => {
-                return Ok( ( Some(Event::StartParse) , State::ReadyForHeader) );
-            },
+            State::New => Ok((Some(Event::StartParse), State::ReadyForHeader)),
            State::ReadyForHeader => {
                let (event, state) = self.parse_header()?;
-                return Ok( ( Some(event), state ) );
-            },
+                Ok((Some(event), state))
+            }
            State::ReadyForDS64 => {
                let (event, state) = self.parse_ds64()?;
-                return Ok( ( Some(event), state ) );
-            },
+                Ok((Some(event), state))
+            }
            State::ReadyForChunk { at, remaining } => {
                let (event, state) = self.enter_chunk(at, remaining)?;
-                return Ok( ( Some(event), state ) );
-            },
-            State::Error => {
-                return Ok( ( Some(Event::FinishParse) , State::Complete ) );
-            },
-            State::Complete => {
-                return Ok( ( None, State::Complete ) );
+                Ok((Some(event), state))
            }
+            State::Error => Ok((Some(Event::FinishParse), State::Complete)),
+            State::Complete => Ok((None, State::Complete)),
        }
    }

    fn advance(&mut self) -> (Option<Event>, State) {
        match self.handle_state() {
-            Ok(( event , state) ) => {
-                return (event, state);
-            },
-            Err(error) => {
-                return (Some(Event::Failed { error: error.into() } ), State::Error );
-            }
+            Ok((event, state)) => (event, state),
+            Err(error) => (Some(Event::Failed { error }), State::Error),
        }
    }
 }
-
--- a/src/sample.rs
+++ b/src/sample.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pub use dasp_sample::I24;
+
+use dasp_sample::Duplex;
+
+pub trait Sample:
+    dasp_sample::Sample + Duplex<u8> + Duplex<i16> + Duplex<I24> + Duplex<i32> + Duplex<f32>
+{
+}
+
+impl Sample for u8 {}
+impl Sample for i16 {}
+impl Sample for I24 {}
+impl Sample for i32 {}
+impl Sample for f32 {}
--- a/src/wavereader.rs
+++ b/src/wavereader.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,174 @@
-
-use std::io::SeekFrom;
 use std::fs::File;

-use super::parser::Parser;
-use super::fourcc::{FourCC, ReadFourCC, FMT__SIG,DATA_SIG, BEXT_SIG, LIST_SIG, JUNK_SIG, FLLR_SIG, CUE__SIG, 
-    ADTL_SIG, AXML_SIG, IXML_SIG};
-use super::errors::Error as ParserError;
-use super::fmt::{WaveFmt, ChannelDescriptor, ChannelMask};
-use super::bext::Bext;
-use super::audio_frame_reader::AudioFrameReader;
-use super::chunks::ReadBWaveChunks;
-use super::cue::Cue;
+use std::path::Path;

 use std::io::Cursor;
-use std::io::{Read, Seek};
+use std::io::SeekFrom;
+use std::io::SeekFrom::Start;
+use std::io::{BufReader, Read, Seek};

+use super::bext::Bext;
+use super::chunks::ReadBWaveChunks;
+use super::cue::Cue;
+use super::errors::Error as ParserError;
+use super::errors::Error;
+use super::fmt::{ChannelDescriptor, ChannelMask, WaveFmt};
+use super::fourcc::{
+    FourCC, ReadFourCC, ADTL_SIG, AXML_SIG, BEXT_SIG, CUE__SIG, DATA_SIG, FLLR_SIG, FMT__SIG,
+    IXML_SIG, JUNK_SIG, LIST_SIG,
+};
+use super::parser::Parser;
+use super::{CommonFormat, Sample, I24};

+use byteorder::LittleEndian;
+use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;
+
+use dasp_sample::Sample as _; // Expose to_sample()
+
+/// Read audio frames
+///
+/// The inner reader is interpreted as a raw audio data
+/// bitstream having a format specified by `format`.
+///
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct AudioFrameReader<R: Read + Seek> {
+    inner: R,
+    format: WaveFmt,
+    start: u64,
+    length: u64,
+}
+
+impl<R: Read + Seek> AudioFrameReader<R> {
+    /// Create a new `AudioFrameReader`
+    ///
+    /// ### Panics
+    ///
+    /// This method does a few sanity checks on the provided format
+    /// parameter to confirm the `block_alignment` law is fulfilled
+    /// and the format tag is readable by this implementation (only
+    /// format 0x01 is supported at this time.)
+    pub fn new(mut inner: R, format: WaveFmt, start: u64, length: u64) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        assert!(
+            format.block_alignment * 8 == format.bits_per_sample * format.channel_count,
+            "Unable to read audio frames from packed formats: block alignment is {}, should be {}",
+            format.block_alignment,
+            (format.bits_per_sample / 8) * format.channel_count
+        );
+
+        assert!(
+            format.common_format() == CommonFormat::IntegerPCM
+                || format.common_format() == CommonFormat::IeeeFloatPCM,
+            "Unsupported format tag {:?}",
+            format.tag
+        );
+
+        inner.seek(Start(start))?;
+        Ok(AudioFrameReader {
+            inner,
+            format,
+            start,
+            length,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Unwrap the inner reader.
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> R {
+        self.inner
+    }
+
+    /// Locate the read position to a different frame
+    ///
+    /// Seeks within the audio stream.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the new location of the read position.
+    ///
+    /// locate() behaves similarly to Read methods in that
+    /// seeking after the end of the audio data is not an error.
+    pub fn locate(&mut self, to: u64) -> Result<u64, Error> {
+        let position = to * self.format.block_alignment as u64;
+        let seek_result = self.inner.seek(Start(self.start + position))?;
+        Ok((seek_result - self.start) / self.format.block_alignment as u64)
+    }
+
+    /// Reads frames from the file into the provided buffer
+    ///
+    /// The function will attempt to fill the buffer, but will stop without error when the end of
+    /// the file is reached.
+    ///
+    /// The reader will convert from the file's sample type into the buffer's sample type.
+    /// Note that no dithering will be applied during sample type conversion,
+    /// if dithering is required then it will need to be applied manually.
+    ///
+    /// The return value is the number of frames read into the buffer.
+    pub fn read_frames<S>(&mut self, buffer: &mut [S]) -> Result<u64, Error>
+    where
+        S: Sample,
+    {
+        use CommonFormat::*;
+
+        let channel_count = self.format.channel_count as usize;
+        let common_format = self.format.common_format();
+        let bits_per_sample = self.format.bits_per_sample;
+
+        if buffer.len() % channel_count != 0 {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidBufferSize {
+                buffer_size: buffer.len(),
+                channel_count: self.format.channel_count,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let position = self.inner.stream_position()? - self.start;
+        let frames_requested = (buffer.len() / channel_count) as u64;
+        let bytes_per_frame = self.format.block_alignment as u64;
+        let frames_remaining = (self.length - position) / bytes_per_frame;
+        let frames_to_read = frames_requested.min(frames_remaining);
+        let samples_to_read = frames_to_read as usize * channel_count;
+
+        match (common_format, bits_per_sample) {
+            (IntegerPCM, 8) => read_into_buffer(samples_to_read, buffer, || {
+                Ok(self.inner.read_u8()?.to_sample())
+            }),
+            (IntegerPCM, 16) => read_into_buffer(samples_to_read, buffer, || {
+                Ok(self.inner.read_i16::<LittleEndian>()?.to_sample())
+            }),
+            (IntegerPCM, 24) => read_into_buffer(samples_to_read, buffer, || {
+                Ok(I24::from(self.inner.read_i24::<LittleEndian>()?).to_sample())
+            }),
+            (IntegerPCM, 32) => read_into_buffer(samples_to_read, buffer, || {
+                Ok(self.inner.read_i32::<LittleEndian>()?.to_sample())
+            }),
+            (IeeeFloatPCM, 32) => read_into_buffer(samples_to_read, buffer, || {
+                Ok(self.inner.read_f32::<LittleEndian>()?.to_sample())
+            }),
+            (_, _) => panic!(
+                "Unsupported format, bits per sample {}, channels {}, sample format: {:?}",
+                bits_per_sample, channel_count, common_format
+            ),
+        }?;
+
+        Ok(frames_to_read)
+    }
+}
+
+fn read_into_buffer<S, F>(
+    sample_count: usize,
+    buffer: &mut [S],
+    mut read_fn: F,
+) -> Result<(), Error>
+where
+    F: FnMut() -> Result<S, Error>,
+{
+    for output in buffer.iter_mut().take(sample_count) {
+        *output = read_fn()?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

 /// Wave, Broadcast-WAV and RF64/BW64 parser/reader.
 ///
 /// ```
-/// use bwavfile::WaveReader; 
+/// use bwavfile::WaveReader;
 /// let mut r = WaveReader::open("tests/media/ff_silence.wav").unwrap();
 ///
 /// let format = r.format().unwrap();
@@ -28,20 +176,20 @@ use std::io::{Read, Seek};
 /// assert_eq!(format.channel_count, 1);
 ///
 /// let mut frame_reader = r.audio_frame_reader().unwrap();
-/// let mut buffer = format.create_frame_buffer();
+/// let mut buffer = format.create_frame_buffer::<i32>(1);
+///
+/// let read = frame_reader.read_frames(&mut buffer).unwrap();
 ///
-/// let read = frame_reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap();
-/// 
 /// assert_eq!(buffer, [0i32]);
 /// assert_eq!(read, 1);
-/// 
+///
 /// ```
-/// 
+///
 /// ## Resources
-/// 
+///
 /// ### Implementation of Wave Files
 /// - [Peter Kabal, McGill University](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/WAVE.html)
-/// - [Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/Docs/riffmci.pdf) 
+/// - [Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/Docs/riffmci.pdf)
 ///   (August 1991), IBM Corporation and Microsoft Corporation
 ///  
 /// ### Implementation of Broadcast Wave Files
@@ -54,46 +202,50 @@ use std::io::{Read, Seek};
 ///   - Presently in force, adopted by the EBU in [EBU Tech 3306v2][ebu3306v2] (June 2018).
 /// - [EBU Tech 3306v1][ebu3306v1] (July 2009), "MBWF / RF64: An extended File Format for Audio"
 ///   - No longer in force, however long-established.
-/// 
+///
 ///
 /// [ebu3285]: https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3285.pdf
 /// [ebu3306v1]: https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3306v1_1.pdf
 /// [ebu3306v2]: https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3306.pdf
 /// [itu2088]: https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-BS.2088-1-201910-I!!PDF-E.pdf
-/// [rfc3261]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2361 
-
+/// [rfc3261]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2361

 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct WaveReader<R: Read + Seek> {
    pub inner: R,
 }

+impl WaveReader<BufReader<File>> {
+    pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Self, ParserError> {
+        let f = File::open(path)?;
+        let inner = BufReader::new(f);
+        Self::new(inner)
+    }
+}
+
 impl WaveReader<File> {
-    
-     /// Open a file for reading.
-     ///
-     /// A convenience that opens `path` and calls `Self::new()`
-     
-    pub fn open(path: &str) -> Result<Self, ParserError> {
+    /// Open a file for reading with unbuffered IO.
+    ///
+    /// A convenience that opens `path` and calls `Self::new()`
+    pub fn open_unbuffered<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Self, ParserError> {
        let inner = File::open(path)?;
-        return Ok( Self::new(inner)? )
+        Self::new(inner)
    }
 }

 impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
-    
    /// Wrap a `Read` struct in a new `WaveReader`.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// This is the primary entry point into the `WaveReader` interface. The
    /// stream passed as `inner` must be at the beginning of the header of the
-    /// WAVE data. For a .wav file, this means it must be at the start of the 
+    /// WAVE data. For a .wav file, this means it must be at the start of the
    /// file.
    ///
    /// This function does a minimal validation on the provided stream and
-    /// will return an `Err(errors::Error)` immediately if there is a structural 
-    /// inconsistency that makes the stream unreadable or if it's missing 
+    /// will return an `Err(errors::Error)` immediately if there is a structural
+    /// inconsistency that makes the stream unreadable or if it's missing
    /// essential components that make interpreting the audio data impossible.
-     
+
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::fs::File;
    /// use std::io::{Error,ErrorKind};
@@ -110,18 +262,17 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
    ///      }
    ///      Err(e) => panic!("Unexpected error was returned {:?}", e)
    /// }
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// ```
-    pub fn new(inner: R) -> Result<Self,ParserError> {
+    pub fn new(inner: R) -> Result<Self, ParserError> {
        let mut retval = Self { inner };
        retval.validate_readable()?;
        Ok(retval)
    }

-    
    /// Unwrap the inner reader.
    pub fn into_inner(self) -> R {
-        return self.inner;
+        self.inner
    }

    ///
@@ -130,18 +281,21 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
    pub fn audio_frame_reader(mut self) -> Result<AudioFrameReader<R>, ParserError> {
        let format = self.format()?;
        let audio_chunk_reader = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(DATA_SIG, 0)?;
-        Ok(AudioFrameReader::new(self.inner, format, audio_chunk_reader.0, audio_chunk_reader.1)?)
+        AudioFrameReader::new(
+            self.inner,
+            format,
+            audio_chunk_reader.0,
+            audio_chunk_reader.1,
+        )
    }

-    
    /// The count of audio frames in the file.
    pub fn frame_length(&mut self) -> Result<u64, ParserError> {
-        let (_, data_length ) = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(DATA_SIG, 0)?;
+        let (_, data_length) = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(DATA_SIG, 0)?;
        let format = self.format()?;
-        Ok( data_length / (format.block_alignment as u64) )
-    } 
+        Ok(data_length / (format.block_alignment as u64))
+    }

-    
    /// Sample and frame format of this wave file.
    ///
    pub fn format(&mut self) -> Result<WaveFmt, ParserError> {
@@ -151,29 +305,28 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
    }

    /// The Broadcast-WAV metadata record for this file, if present.
-    /// 
+    ///
    pub fn broadcast_extension(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Bext>, ParserError> {
-        let mut bext_buff : Vec<u8> = vec![ ];
+        let mut bext_buff: Vec<u8> = vec![];
        let result = self.read_chunk(BEXT_SIG, 0, &mut bext_buff)?;
        if result > 0 {
            let mut bext_cursor = Cursor::new(bext_buff);
-            Ok( Some( bext_cursor.read_bext()? ) )
+            Ok(Some(bext_cursor.read_bext()?))
        } else {
-            Ok( None)
+            Ok(None)
        }
-
    }

    /// Describe the channels in this file
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// Returns a vector of channel descriptors, one for each channel
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use bwavfile::WaveReader;
    /// use bwavfile::ChannelMask;
    ///
    /// let mut f = WaveReader::open("tests/media/pt_24bit_51.wav").unwrap();
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// let chans = f.channels().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(chans[0].index, 0);
    /// assert_eq!(chans[0].speaker, ChannelMask::FrontLeft);
@@ -182,100 +335,100 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
    /// assert_eq!(chans[4].speaker, ChannelMask::BackLeft);
    /// ```
    pub fn channels(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<ChannelDescriptor>, ParserError> {
-        
        let format = self.format()?;
-        let channel_masks : Vec<ChannelMask> = match (format.channel_count, format.extended_format) {
-            (1,_) => vec![ChannelMask::FrontCenter],
-            (2,_) => vec![ChannelMask::FrontLeft, ChannelMask::FrontRight],
-            (n,Some(x)) => ChannelMask::channels(x.channel_mask, n),
-            (n,_) => vec![ChannelMask::DirectOut; n as usize]
+        let channel_masks: Vec<ChannelMask> = match (format.channel_count, format.extended_format) {
+            (1, _) => vec![ChannelMask::FrontCenter],
+            (2, _) => vec![ChannelMask::FrontLeft, ChannelMask::FrontRight],
+            (n, Some(x)) => ChannelMask::channels(x.channel_mask, n),
+            (n, _) => vec![ChannelMask::DirectOut; n as usize],
        };

-        Ok( (0..format.channel_count).zip(channel_masks)
-            .map(|(i,m)| ChannelDescriptor { index: i, speaker:m, adm_track_audio_ids: vec![] } )
-            .collect() )
+        Ok((0..format.channel_count)
+            .zip(channel_masks)
+            .map(|(i, m)| ChannelDescriptor {
+                index: i,
+                speaker: m,
+                adm_track_audio_ids: vec![],
+            })
+            .collect())
    }

    /// Read cue points.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use bwavfile::WaveReader;
    /// use bwavfile::Cue;
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// let mut f = WaveReader::open("tests/media/izotope_test.wav").unwrap();
    /// let cue_points = f.cue_points().unwrap();
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points.len(), 3);
-    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[0].ident, 1);
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[0].frame, 12532);
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[0].length, None);
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[0].label, Some(String::from("Marker 1")));
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[0].note, Some(String::from("Marker 1 Comment")));
-    /// 
-    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[1].ident, 2);
+    ///
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[1].frame, 20997);
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[1].length, None);
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[1].label, Some(String::from("Marker 2")));
-    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[1].note, Some(String::from("Marker 2 Comment"))); 
-    /// 
-    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[2].ident, 3);
+    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[1].note, Some(String::from("Marker 2 Comment")));
+    ///
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[2].frame, 26711);
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[2].length, Some(6465));
    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[2].label, Some(String::from("Timed Region")));
-    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[2].note, Some(String::from("Region Comment"))); 
-    /// 
+    /// assert_eq!(cue_points[2].note, Some(String::from("Region Comment")));
+    ///
    /// ```
-    pub fn cue_points(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Cue>,ParserError> {
-        let mut cue_buffer : Vec<u8> = vec![];
-        let mut adtl_buffer : Vec<u8> = vec![];
+    pub fn cue_points(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Cue>, ParserError> {
+        let mut cue_buffer: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+        let mut adtl_buffer: Vec<u8> = vec![];

        let cue_read = self.read_chunk(CUE__SIG, 0, &mut cue_buffer)?;
        let adtl_read = self.read_list(ADTL_SIG, &mut adtl_buffer)?;

        match (cue_read, adtl_read) {
-            (0,_) => Ok( vec![] ),
-            (_,0) => Ok( Cue::collect_from(&cue_buffer, None)? ),
-            (_,_) => Ok( Cue::collect_from(&cue_buffer, Some(&adtl_buffer) )? )
+            (0, _) => Ok(vec![]),
+            (_, 0) => Ok(Cue::collect_from(&cue_buffer, None)?),
+            (_, _) => Ok(Cue::collect_from(&cue_buffer, Some(&adtl_buffer))?),
        }
    }

    /// Read iXML data.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// The iXML data will be appended to `buffer`.
-    /// If there are no iXML metadata present in the file, 
+    /// If there are no iXML metadata present in the file,
    /// Ok(0) will be returned.
    pub fn read_ixml(&mut self, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, ParserError> {
-        self.read_chunk(IXML_SIG, 0, buffer) 
+        self.read_chunk(IXML_SIG, 0, buffer)
    }

    /// Read AXML data.
-    /// 
-    /// The axml data will be appended to `buffer`. By convention this will 
+    ///
+    /// The axml data will be appended to `buffer`. By convention this will
    /// generally be ADM metadata.
-    /// 
-    /// If there are no axml metadata present in the file, 
+    ///
+    /// If there are no axml metadata present in the file,
    /// Ok(0) will be returned
    pub fn read_axml(&mut self, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, ParserError> {
        self.read_chunk(AXML_SIG, 0, buffer)
    }

-
    /**
-    * Validate file is readable.
-    * 
-    *  `Ok(())` if the source meets the minimum standard of 
-    *  readability by a permissive client:
-    *  - `fmt` chunk and `data` chunk are present
-    *  - `fmt` chunk appears before `data` chunk
-    */
+     * Validate file is readable.
+     *
+     *  `Ok(())` if the source meets the minimum standard of
+     *  readability by a permissive client:
+     *  - `fmt` chunk and `data` chunk are present
+     *  - `fmt` chunk appears before `data` chunk
+     */
    pub fn validate_readable(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
-        let (fmt_pos, _)  = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(FMT__SIG, 0)?;
+        let (fmt_pos, _) = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(FMT__SIG, 0)?;
        let (data_pos, _) = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(DATA_SIG, 0)?;

        if fmt_pos < data_pos {
            Ok(())
        } else {
-            Err( ParserError::FmtChunkAfterData)
+            Err(ParserError::FmtChunkAfterData)
        }
    }

@@ -306,35 +459,38 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
    /// let mut x = WaveReader::open("tests/media/pt_24bit_51.wav").unwrap();
    /// x.validate_minimal().expect_err("Complex WAV validated minimal!");
    /// ```
-    pub fn validate_minimal(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParserError>  {
+    pub fn validate_minimal(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
        self.validate_readable()?;

-        let chunk_fourccs : Vec<FourCC> = Parser::make(&mut self.inner)?
-            .into_chunk_list()?.iter().map(|c| c.signature ).collect();
+        let chunk_fourccs: Vec<FourCC> = Parser::make(&mut self.inner)?
+            .into_chunk_list()?
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| c.signature)
+            .collect();

        if chunk_fourccs == vec![FMT__SIG, DATA_SIG] {
            Ok(()) /* FIXME: finish implementation */
        } else {
-            Err( ParserError::NotMinimalWaveFile )
+            Err(ParserError::NotMinimalWaveFile)
        }
    }

    /// Validate Broadcast-WAVE file format
-    /// 
-    /// Returns `Ok(())` if `validate_readable()` and file contains a 
+    ///
+    /// Returns `Ok(())` if `validate_readable()` and file contains a
    /// Broadcast-WAV metadata record (a `bext` chunk).
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// ### Examples
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use bwavfile::WaveReader;
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// let mut w = WaveReader::open("tests/media/ff_bwav_stereo.wav").unwrap();
    /// w.validate_broadcast_wave().expect("BWAVE file did not validate BWAVE");
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// let mut x = WaveReader::open("tests/media/pt_24bit.wav").unwrap();
    /// x.validate_broadcast_wave().expect("BWAVE file did not validate BWAVE");
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// let mut y = WaveReader::open("tests/media/audacity_16bit.wav").unwrap();
    /// y.validate_broadcast_wave().expect_err("Plain WAV file DID validate BWAVE");
    /// ```
@@ -343,14 +499,14 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
        self.validate_readable()?;
        let (_, _) = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(BEXT_SIG, 0)?;
        Ok(())
-    } 
+    }

    ///
    /// Verify data is aligned to a block boundary.
    ///
-    /// Returns `Ok(())` if `validate_readable()` and the start of the 
+    /// Returns `Ok(())` if `validate_readable()` and the start of the
    /// `data` chunk's content begins at 0x4000.
-    pub fn validate_data_chunk_alignment(&mut self) -> Result<() , ParserError> {
+    pub fn validate_data_chunk_alignment(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
        self.validate_readable()?;
        let (start, _) = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(DATA_SIG, 0)?;
        if start == 0x4000 {
@@ -361,10 +517,10 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
    }

    /// Verify audio data can be appended immediately to this file.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// Returns `Ok(())` if:
    ///  - `validate_readable()`
-    ///  - there is a `JUNK` or `FLLR` immediately at the beginning of the chunk 
+    ///  - there is a `JUNK` or `FLLR` immediately at the beginning of the chunk
    ///    list adequately large enough to be overwritten by a `ds64` (92 bytes)
    ///  - `data` is the final chunk
    pub fn validate_prepared_for_append(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParserError> {
@@ -373,86 +529,104 @@ impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
        let chunks = Parser::make(&mut self.inner)?.into_chunk_list()?;
        let ds64_space_required = 92;

-        let eligible_filler_chunks = chunks.iter()
+        let eligible_filler_chunks = chunks
+            .iter()
            .take_while(|c| c.signature == JUNK_SIG || c.signature == FLLR_SIG);

        let filler = eligible_filler_chunks
            .enumerate()
-            .fold(0, |accum, (n, item)| if n == 0 { accum + item.length } else {accum + item.length + 8});
+            .fold(0, |accum, (n, item)| {
+                if n == 0 {
+                    accum + item.length
+                } else {
+                    accum + item.length + 8
+                }
+            });

        if filler < ds64_space_required {
-            Err(ParserError::InsufficientDS64Reservation {expected: ds64_space_required, actual: filler})
+            Err(ParserError::InsufficientDS64Reservation {
+                expected: ds64_space_required,
+                actual: filler,
+            })
        } else {
            let data_pos = chunks.iter().position(|c| c.signature == DATA_SIG);
-        
+
            match data_pos {
                Some(p) if p == chunks.len() - 1 => Ok(()),
-                _ => Err(ParserError::DataChunkNotPreparedForAppend)
+                _ => Err(ParserError::DataChunkNotPreparedForAppend),
            }
        }
    }
 }

-impl<R:Read+Seek> WaveReader<R> {
-
+impl<R: Read + Seek> WaveReader<R> {
    // Private implementation
    //
-    // As time passes thi get smore obnoxious because I haven't implemented recursive chunk 
+    // As time passes this get smore obnoxious because I haven't implemented recursive chunk
    // parsing in the raw parser and I'm working around it

    // fn chunk_reader(&mut self, signature: FourCC, at_index: u32) -> Result<RawChunkReader<R>, ParserError> {
    //     let (start, length) = self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(signature, at_index)?;
    //     Ok( RawChunkReader::new(&mut self.inner, start, length) )
-    // } 
+    // }

    fn read_list(&mut self, ident: FourCC, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, ParserError> {
        if let Some(index) = self.get_list_form(ident)? {
            self.read_chunk(LIST_SIG, index, buffer)
        } else {
-            Ok( 0 )
+            Ok(0)
        }
    }

-
-    fn read_chunk(&mut self, ident: FourCC, at: u32, mut buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, ParserError> {
-
+    fn read_chunk(
+        &mut self,
+        ident: FourCC,
+        at: u32,
+        buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<usize, ParserError> {
        match self.get_chunk_extent_at_index(ident, at) {
            Ok((start, length)) => {
                buffer.resize(length as usize, 0x0);
                self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(start))?;
-                self.inner.read(&mut buffer).map_err(|e| ParserError::IOError(e))
-            },
-            Err(ParserError::ChunkMissing { signature : _} ) => Ok(0),
-            Err( any ) => Err(any.into())
+                self.inner.read(buffer).map_err(ParserError::IOError)
+            }
+            Err(ParserError::ChunkMissing { signature: _ }) => Ok(0),
+            Err(any) => Err(any),
        }
    }

    /// Extent of every chunk with the given fourcc
-    fn get_chunks_extents(&mut self, fourcc: FourCC) -> Result<Vec<(u64,u64)>, ParserError> {
+    fn get_chunks_extents(&mut self, fourcc: FourCC) -> Result<Vec<(u64, u64)>, ParserError> {
        let p = Parser::make(&mut self.inner)?.into_chunk_list()?;

-        Ok( p.iter().filter(|item| item.signature == fourcc)
-            .map(|item| (item.start, item.length)).collect() )
+        Ok(p.iter()
+            .filter(|item| item.signature == fourcc)
+            .map(|item| (item.start, item.length))
+            .collect())
    }

    /// Index of first LIST for with the given FORM fourcc
    fn get_list_form(&mut self, fourcc: FourCC) -> Result<Option<u32>, ParserError> {
        for (n, (start, _)) in self.get_chunks_extents(LIST_SIG)?.iter().enumerate() {
-            self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(*start as u64))?;
+            self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(*start))?;
            let this_fourcc = self.inner.read_fourcc()?;
            if this_fourcc == fourcc {
-                return Ok( Some( n as u32 ) );
+                return Ok(Some(n as u32));
            }
        }

-        Ok( None )
+        Ok(None)
    }

-    fn get_chunk_extent_at_index(&mut self, fourcc: FourCC, index: u32) -> Result<(u64,u64), ParserError> {
-        if let Some((start, length)) = self.get_chunks_extents(fourcc)?.iter().nth(index as usize) {
-            Ok ((*start, *length))
+    fn get_chunk_extent_at_index(
+        &mut self,
+        fourcc: FourCC,
+        index: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(u64, u64), ParserError> {
+        if let Some((start, length)) = self.get_chunks_extents(fourcc)?.get(index as usize) {
+            Ok((*start, *length))
        } else {
-            Err( ParserError::ChunkMissing { signature : fourcc } )
+            Err(ParserError::ChunkMissing { signature: fourcc })
        }
    }
 }
@@ -460,10 +634,9 @@ impl<R:Read+Seek> WaveReader<R> {
 #[test]
 fn test_list_form() {
    let mut f = WaveReader::open("tests/media/izotope_test.wav").unwrap();
-    let mut buf : Vec<u8> = vec![];
-    
+    let mut buf: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+
    f.read_list(ADTL_SIG, &mut buf).unwrap();

-    assert_ne!(buf.len(),  0);
-
-}
+    assert_ne!(buf.len(), 0);
+}
--- a/src/wavewriter.rs
+++ b/src/wavewriter.rs
@@ -1,56 +1,110 @@
 use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::{Write,Seek,SeekFrom,Cursor};
+use std::io::{BufWriter, Cursor, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use crate::CommonFormat;

-use super::Error;
-use super::fourcc::{FourCC, WriteFourCC, RIFF_SIG, RF64_SIG, DS64_SIG,
-    WAVE_SIG, FMT__SIG, DATA_SIG, ELM1_SIG, JUNK_SIG, BEXT_SIG,AXML_SIG, 
-    IXML_SIG};
 use super::fmt::WaveFmt;
+use super::fourcc::{
+    FourCC, WriteFourCC, AXML_SIG, BEXT_SIG, DATA_SIG, DS64_SIG, ELM1_SIG, FMT__SIG, IXML_SIG,
+    JUNK_SIG, RF64_SIG, RIFF_SIG, WAVE_SIG,
+};
+use super::{Error, Sample, I24};
 //use super::common_format::CommonFormat;
-use super::chunks::WriteBWaveChunks;
 use super::bext::Bext;
+use super::chunks::WriteBWaveChunks;

 use byteorder::LittleEndian;
 use byteorder::WriteBytesExt;

 /// Write audio frames to a `WaveWriter`.
-/// 
-/// 
-pub struct AudioFrameWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
-    inner : WaveChunkWriter<W>
+///
+///
+pub struct AudioFrameWriter<W>
+where
+    W: Write + Seek,
+{
+    inner: WaveChunkWriter<W>,
+    write_buffer: Vec<u8>,
 }

-impl<W> AudioFrameWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
-
+impl<W> AudioFrameWriter<W>
+where
+    W: Write + Seek,
+{
    fn new(inner: WaveChunkWriter<W>) -> Self {
-        AudioFrameWriter { inner }
-    }
-
-    fn write_integer_frames_to_buffer(&self, from_frames :&[i32], to_buffer : &mut Vec<u8>) -> () {
-        assert!(from_frames.len() % self.inner.inner.format.channel_count as usize == 0, 
-            "frames buffer does not contain a number of samples % channel_count == 0");
-        self.inner.inner.format.pack_frames(&from_frames, to_buffer);
-        ()
+        AudioFrameWriter {
+            inner,
+            write_buffer: Vec::new(),
+        }
    }

    /// Write interleaved samples in `buffer`
-    /// 
-    /// # Panics
-    /// 
-    /// This function will panic if `buffer.len()` modulo the Wave file's channel count
-    /// is not zero.
-    pub fn write_integer_frames(&mut self, buffer: &[i32]) -> Result<u64,Error> {
-        let mut write_buffer = vec![0u8; 0];
+    ///
+    /// The writer will convert from the buffer's sample type into the file's sample type.
+    /// Note that no dithering will be applied during sample type conversion,
+    /// if dithering is required then it will need to be applied manually.
+    pub fn write_frames<S>(&mut self, buffer: &[S]) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        S: Sample,
+    {
+        let format = &self.inner.inner.format;
+        let channel_count = format.channel_count as usize;

-        self.write_integer_frames_to_buffer(&buffer, &mut write_buffer);
+        if buffer.len() % channel_count != 0 {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidBufferSize {
+                buffer_size: buffer.len(),
+                channel_count: format.channel_count,
+            });
+        }

-        self.inner.write(&write_buffer)?;
-        self.inner.flush()?;
-        Ok(write_buffer.len() as u64 / self.inner.inner.format.channel_count as u64)
+        let frame_count = buffer.len() / channel_count;
+        let write_buffer_size = format.block_alignment as usize * frame_count;
+        self.write_buffer.resize(write_buffer_size, 0);
+
+        let mut write_cursor = Cursor::new(&mut self.write_buffer);
+
+        let common_format = format.common_format();
+        let bits_per_sample = format.bits_per_sample;
+
+        match (common_format, bits_per_sample) {
+            (_, 8) => {
+                for sample in buffer {
+                    write_cursor.write_u8(sample.to_sample())?
+                }
+            }
+            (_, 16) => {
+                for sample in buffer {
+                    write_cursor.write_i16::<LittleEndian>(sample.to_sample())?
+                }
+            }
+            (_, 24) => {
+                for sample in buffer {
+                    write_cursor.write_i24::<LittleEndian>(sample.to_sample::<I24>().inner())?
+                }
+            }
+            (CommonFormat::IntegerPCM, 32) => {
+                for sample in buffer {
+                    write_cursor.write_i32::<LittleEndian>(sample.to_sample())?
+                }
+            }
+            (CommonFormat::IeeeFloatPCM, 32) => {
+                for sample in buffer {
+                    write_cursor.write_f32::<LittleEndian>(sample.to_sample())?
+                }
+            }
+            (_, _) => panic!(
+                "Unrecognized format, bits per sample {}, channels {}, sample format {:?}",
+                bits_per_sample, channel_count, common_format
+            ),
+        }
+
+        self.inner.write_all(&self.write_buffer)?;
+        Ok(())
    }

    /// Finish writing audio frames and unwrap the inner `WaveWriter`.
-    /// 
+    ///
    /// This method must be called when the client has finished writing audio
    /// data. This will finalize the audio data chunk.
    pub fn end(self) -> Result<WaveWriter<W>, Error> {
@@ -59,106 +113,123 @@ impl<W> AudioFrameWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
 }

 /// Write a wave data chunk.
-/// 
+///
 /// `WaveChunkWriter` implements `Write` and as bytes are written to it,
-/// 
-/// ### Important! 
-/// 
-/// When you are done writing to a chunk you must call `end()` in order to 
+///
+/// ### Important!
+///
+/// When you are done writing to a chunk you must call `end()` in order to
 /// finalize the chunk for storage.
-pub struct WaveChunkWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
-    ident : FourCC,
-    inner : WaveWriter<W>,
-    content_start_pos : u64,
-    length : u64
+pub struct WaveChunkWriter<W>
+where
+    W: Write + Seek,
+{
+    ident: FourCC,
+    inner: WaveWriter<W>,
+    content_start_pos: u64,
+    length: u64,
 }

-impl<W> WaveChunkWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
-
-    fn begin(mut inner : WaveWriter<W>, ident : FourCC) -> Result<Self,Error> {
-        let length : u64 = 0;
+impl<W> WaveChunkWriter<W>
+where
+    W: Write + Seek,
+{
+    fn begin(mut inner: WaveWriter<W>, ident: FourCC) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let length: u64 = 0;
        inner.inner.write_fourcc(ident)?;
        inner.inner.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(length as u32)?;
        inner.increment_form_length(8)?;
        let content_start_pos = inner.inner.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?;
-        Ok( WaveChunkWriter { ident, inner , content_start_pos, length } )
+        Ok(WaveChunkWriter {
+            ident,
+            inner,
+            content_start_pos,
+            length,
+        })
    }

    fn end(mut self) -> Result<WaveWriter<W>, Error> {
        if self.length % 2 == 1 {
            self.inner.inner.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?;
-            self.inner.inner.write(&[0u8])?;
+            self.inner.inner.write_u8(0)?;
            self.inner.increment_form_length(1)?;
        }
-        Ok( self.inner )
+        Ok(self.inner)
    }

    fn increment_chunk_length(&mut self, amount: u64) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
-        self.length = self.length + amount;
+        self.length += amount;
        if !self.inner.is_rf64 {
-            self.inner.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(self.content_start_pos - 4))?;
-            self.inner.inner.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.length as u32)?;
-        } else {
-            if self.ident == DATA_SIG {
-                let data_chunk_64bit_field_offset = 8 + 4 + 8 + 8;
-                self.inner.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(self.content_start_pos - 4))?;
-                self.inner.inner.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(0xFFFF_FFFF)?; 
-                    // this only need to happen once, not every time we increment
+            self.inner
+                .inner
+                .seek(SeekFrom::Start(self.content_start_pos - 4))?;
+            self.inner
+                .inner
+                .write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.length as u32)?;
+        } else if self.ident == DATA_SIG {
+            let data_chunk_64bit_field_offset = 8 + 4 + 8 + 8;
+            self.inner
+                .inner
+                .seek(SeekFrom::Start(self.content_start_pos - 4))?;
+            self.inner.inner.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(0xFFFF_FFFF)?;
+            // this only need to happen once, not every time we increment

-                self.inner.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(data_chunk_64bit_field_offset))?;
-                self.inner.inner.write_u64::<LittleEndian>(self.length)?;
-            } else {
-                todo!("FIXME RF64 wave writing is not yet supported for chunks other than `data`")
-            }
-            
+            self.inner
+                .inner
+                .seek(SeekFrom::Start(data_chunk_64bit_field_offset))?;
+            self.inner.inner.write_u64::<LittleEndian>(self.length)?;
+        } else {
+            todo!("FIXME RF64 wave writing is not yet supported for chunks other than `data`")
        }

        Ok(())
    }
 }

-impl<W> Write for WaveChunkWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
-
-    fn write(&mut self, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> { 
+impl<W> Write for WaveChunkWriter<W>
+where
+    W: Write + Seek,
+{
+    fn write(&mut self, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, std::io::Error> {
        self.inner.inner.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?;
        let written = self.inner.inner.write(buffer)?;
        self.inner.increment_form_length(written as u64)?;
        self.increment_chunk_length(written as u64)?;

-        Ok( written )
+        Ok(written)
    }

-    fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> { 
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
        self.inner.inner.flush()
    }
 }

 /// Wave, Broadcast-WAV and RF64/BW64 writer.
-/// 
+///
 /// A `WaveWriter` creates a new wave file at the given path (with `create()`)
 /// or into the given `Write`- and `Seek`-able inner writer.
-/// 
+///
 /// Audio is added to the wave file by starting the audio data chunk with
 /// `WaveWriter::audio_frame_writer()`. All of the functions that add chunks
 /// move the WaveWriter and return it to the host when complete.
-/// 
+///
 /// # Structure of New Wave Files
-/// 
+///
 /// `WaveWriter` will create a Wave file with two chunks automatically: a 96
-/// byte `JUNK` chunk and a standard `fmt ` chunk, which has the extended 
-/// length if the format your provided requires it. The first `JUNK` chunk is 
+/// byte `JUNK` chunk and a standard `fmt ` chunk, which has the extended
+/// length if the format your provided requires it. The first `JUNK` chunk is
 /// a reservation for a `ds64` record which will be written over it if
 /// the file needs to be upgraded to RF64 format.
-/// 
-/// Chunks are added to the file in the order the client adds them. 
+///
+/// Chunks are added to the file in the order the client adds them.
 /// `audio_file_writer()` will add a `data` chunk for the audio data, and will
-/// also add an `elm1` filler chunk prior to the data chunk to ensure that the 
+/// also add an `elm1` filler chunk prior to the data chunk to ensure that the
 /// first byte of the data chunk's content is aligned with 0x4000.
-/// 
+///
 /// ```
 /// use bwavfile::{WaveWriter,WaveFmt};
 /// # use std::io::Cursor;
-/// 
+///
 /// // Write a three-sample wave file to a cursor
 /// let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8;0]);
 /// let format = WaveFmt::new_pcm_mono(48000, 24);
@@ -166,17 +237,17 @@ impl<W> Write for WaveChunkWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
 ///
 /// let mut frame_writer = w.audio_frame_writer().unwrap();
 ///
-/// frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
-/// frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
-/// frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+/// frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+/// frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+/// frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
 /// frame_writer.end().unwrap();
 /// ```
 ///
 /// ## Resources
-/// 
+///
 /// ### Implementation of Wave Files
 /// - [Peter Kabal, McGill University](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/WAVE.html)
-/// - [Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/Docs/riffmci.pdf) 
+/// - [Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0](http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/WAVE/Docs/riffmci.pdf)
 ///   (August 1991), IBM Corporation and Microsoft Corporation
 ///  
 /// ### Implementation of Broadcast Wave Files
@@ -189,48 +260,66 @@ impl<W> Write for WaveChunkWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
 ///   - Presently in force, adopted by the EBU in [EBU Tech 3306v2][ebu3306v2] (June 2018).
 /// - [EBU Tech 3306v1][ebu3306v1] (July 2009), "MBWF / RF64: An extended File Format for Audio"
 ///   - No longer in force, however long-established.
-/// 
+///
 ///
 /// [ebu3285]: https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3285.pdf
 /// [ebu3306v1]: https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3306v1_1.pdf
 /// [ebu3306v2]: https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3306.pdf
 /// [itu2088]: https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-BS.2088-1-201910-I!!PDF-E.pdf
-/// [rfc3261]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2361 
-pub struct WaveWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
-    inner : W,
+/// [rfc3261]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2361
+pub struct WaveWriter<W>
+where
+    W: Write + Seek,
+{
+    inner: W,
    form_length: u64,

    /// True if file is RF64
    pub is_rf64: bool,

    /// Format of the wave file.
-    pub format: WaveFmt
+    pub format: WaveFmt,
 }

-const DS64_RESERVATION_LENGTH : u32 = 96;
-
-impl WaveWriter<File> {
+const DS64_RESERVATION_LENGTH: u32 = 96;

+impl WaveWriter<BufWriter<File>> {
    /// Create a new Wave file at `path`.
-    pub fn create(path : &str, format : WaveFmt) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, format: WaveFmt) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let f = File::create(path)?;
-        Ok( Self::new(f, format)? )
+        let b = BufWriter::new(f);
+        Self::new(b, format)
    }
 }

-impl<W> WaveWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
+impl WaveWriter<File> {
+    /// Creare a new Wave file with unbuffered IO at `path`
+    pub fn create_unbuffered<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, format: WaveFmt) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let f = File::create(path)?;
+        Self::new(f, format)
+    }
+}

+impl<W> WaveWriter<W>
+where
+    W: Write + Seek,
+{
    /// Wrap a writer in a Wave writer.
-    /// 
-    /// The inner writer will immediately have a RIFF WAVE file header 
+    ///
+    /// The inner writer will immediately have a RIFF WAVE file header
    /// written to it along with the format descriptor (and possibly a `fact`
    /// chunk if appropriate).
-    pub fn new(mut inner : W, format: WaveFmt) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub fn new(mut inner: W, format: WaveFmt) -> Result<Self, Error> {
        inner.write_fourcc(RIFF_SIG)?;
        inner.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(0)?;
        inner.write_fourcc(WAVE_SIG)?;

-        let mut retval = WaveWriter { inner, form_length: 0, is_rf64: false, format};
+        let mut retval = WaveWriter {
+            inner,
+            form_length: 0,
+            is_rf64: false,
+            format,
+        };

        retval.increment_form_length(4)?;

@@ -241,45 +330,48 @@ impl<W> WaveWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
        chunk.write_wave_fmt(&format)?;
        let retval = chunk.end()?;

-        Ok( retval )
+        Ok(retval)
    }

-    fn write_chunk(&mut self, ident: FourCC, data : &[u8]) -> Result<(),Error> {
+    fn write_chunk(&mut self, ident: FourCC, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
        self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?;
        self.inner.write_fourcc(ident)?;
        assert!(data.len() < u32::MAX as usize);
        self.inner.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(data.len() as u32)?;
-        self.inner.write(data)?;
+        self.inner.write_all(data)?;
        if data.len() % 2 == 0 {
            self.increment_form_length(8 + data.len() as u64)?;
        } else {
-            self.inner.write(&[0u8])?;
+            self.inner.write_u8(0)?;
            self.increment_form_length(8 + data.len() as u64 + 1)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Write Broadcast-Wave metadata to the file.
-    /// 
-    /// This function will write the metadata chunk immediately to the end of 
-    /// the file; if you have already written and closed the audio data the 
+    ///
+    /// This function will write the metadata chunk immediately to the end of
+    /// the file; if you have already written and closed the audio data the
    /// bext chunk will be positioned after it.
-    pub fn write_broadcast_metadata(&mut self, bext: &Bext) -> Result<(),Error> {
+    pub fn write_broadcast_metadata(&mut self, bext: &Bext) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        //FIXME Implement re-writing
        let mut c = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
-        c.write_bext(&bext)?;
+        c.write_bext(bext)?;
        let buf = c.into_inner();
-        self.write_chunk(BEXT_SIG, &buf )?;
+        self.write_chunk(BEXT_SIG, &buf)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Write iXML metadata
-    pub fn write_ixml(&mut self, ixml: &[u8]) -> Result<(),Error> {
-        self.write_chunk(IXML_SIG, &ixml)
+    pub fn write_ixml(&mut self, ixml: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        //FIXME Implement re-writing
+        self.write_chunk(IXML_SIG, ixml)
    }

    /// Write axml/ADM metadata
    pub fn write_axml(&mut self, axml: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        self.write_chunk(AXML_SIG, &axml)
+        //FIXME Implement re-writing
+        self.write_chunk(AXML_SIG, axml)
    }

    /// Write a `JUNK` filler chunk
@@ -288,7 +380,7 @@ impl<W> WaveWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
        self.write_chunk(JUNK_SIG, &filler)
    }

-    /// Create an audio frame writer, which takes possession of the callee 
+    /// Create an audio frame writer, which takes possession of the callee
    /// `WaveWriter`.
    ///  
    pub fn audio_frame_writer(mut self) -> Result<AudioFrameWriter<W>, Error> {
@@ -300,14 +392,14 @@ impl<W> WaveWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {
        let to_add = framing - (lip % framing) - 16;
        let mut chunk = self.chunk(ELM1_SIG)?;
        let buf = vec![0u8; to_add as usize];
-        chunk.write(&buf)?;
+        chunk.write_all(&buf)?;
        let closed = chunk.end()?;
        let inner = closed.chunk(DATA_SIG)?;
-        Ok( AudioFrameWriter::new(inner) )
+        Ok(AudioFrameWriter::new(inner))
    }

    /// Open a wave chunk writer here
-    fn chunk(mut self, ident: FourCC) -> Result<WaveChunkWriter<W>,Error> {
+    fn chunk(mut self, ident: FourCC) -> Result<WaveChunkWriter<W>, Error> {
        self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::End(0))?;
        WaveChunkWriter::begin(self, ident)
    }
@@ -330,16 +422,16 @@ impl<W> WaveWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {

    /// Add `amount` to the RIFF/RF64 form length
    fn increment_form_length(&mut self, amount: u64) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
-        self.form_length = self.form_length + amount;
+        self.form_length += amount;
        if self.is_rf64 {
            self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(8 + 4 + 8))?;
            self.inner.write_u64::<LittleEndian>(self.form_length)?;
        } else if self.form_length < u32::MAX as u64 {
            self.inner.seek(SeekFrom::Start(4))?;
-            self.inner.write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.form_length as u32)?;
+            self.inner
+                .write_u32::<LittleEndian>(self.form_length as u32)?;
        } else {
            self.promote_to_rf64()?;
-            
        }
        Ok(())
    }
@@ -347,11 +439,11 @@ impl<W> WaveWriter<W> where W: Write + Seek {

 #[test]
 fn test_new() {
-    use std::io::Cursor;
    use super::fourcc::ReadFourCC;
    use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;
+    use std::io::Cursor;

-    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8;0]);
+    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
    let format = WaveFmt::new_pcm_mono(4800, 24);
    WaveWriter::new(&mut cursor, format).unwrap();

@@ -363,7 +455,7 @@ fn test_new() {

    assert_eq!(cursor.read_fourcc().unwrap(), JUNK_SIG);
    let junk_size = cursor.read_u32::<LittleEndian>().unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(junk_size,96);
+    assert_eq!(junk_size, 96);
    cursor.seek(SeekFrom::Current(junk_size as i64)).unwrap();

    assert_eq!(cursor.read_fourcc().unwrap(), FMT__SIG);
@@ -373,19 +465,19 @@ fn test_new() {

 #[test]
 fn test_write_audio() {
-    use std::io::Cursor;
    use super::fourcc::ReadFourCC;
    use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;
+    use std::io::Cursor;

-    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8;0]);
+    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
    let format = WaveFmt::new_pcm_mono(48000, 24);
    let w = WaveWriter::new(&mut cursor, format).unwrap();
-    
+
    let mut frame_writer = w.audio_frame_writer().unwrap();

-    frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
-    frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
-    frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+    frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+    frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+    frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();

    frame_writer.end().unwrap();

@@ -416,14 +508,17 @@ fn test_write_audio() {
    let tell = cursor.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)).unwrap();
    assert!(tell % 0x4000 == 0);

-    assert_eq!(form_size, 4 + 8 + junk_size + 8 + fmt_size + 8 + elm1_size + 8 + data_size + data_size % 2)
+    assert_eq!(
+        form_size,
+        4 + 8 + junk_size + 8 + fmt_size + 8 + elm1_size + 8 + data_size + data_size % 2
+    )
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_write_bext() {
    use std::io::Cursor;

-    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8;0]);
+    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
    let format = WaveFmt::new_pcm_mono(48000, 24);
    let mut w = WaveWriter::new(&mut cursor, format).unwrap();

@@ -448,21 +543,20 @@ fn test_write_bext() {

    let mut frame_writer = w.audio_frame_writer().unwrap();

-    frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
-    frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
-    frame_writer.write_integer_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+    frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+    frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();
+    frame_writer.write_frames(&[0i32]).unwrap();

    frame_writer.end().unwrap();
 }

-
-// NOTE! This test of RF64 writing takes several minutes to complete.
+// NOTE! This test of RF64 writing takes several minutes to complete in debug builds
 #[test]
 fn test_create_rf64() {
    use super::fourcc::ReadFourCC;
    use byteorder::ReadBytesExt;

-    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8;0]);
+    let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![0u8; 0]);
    let format = WaveFmt::new_pcm_stereo(48000, 24);
    let w = WaveWriter::new(&mut cursor, format).unwrap();

@@ -475,11 +569,14 @@ fn test_create_rf64() {
    let mut af = w.audio_frame_writer().unwrap();

    for _ in 0..(four_and_a_half_hours_of_frames * format.channel_count as u64 / buflen) {
-        af.write_integer_frames(&buf).unwrap();
+        af.write_frames(&buf).unwrap();
    }
    af.end().unwrap();

-    assert!(cursor.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).unwrap() > 0xFFFF_FFFFu64, "internal test error, Created file is not long enough to be RF64" );
+    assert!(
+        cursor.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).unwrap() > 0xFFFF_FFFFu64,
+        "internal test error, Created file is not long enough to be RF64"
+    );
    let expected_data_length = four_and_a_half_hours_of_frames * format.block_alignment as u64;

    cursor.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0)).unwrap();
@@ -492,20 +589,33 @@ fn test_create_rf64() {
    let form_size = cursor.read_u64::<LittleEndian>().unwrap();
    let data_size = cursor.read_u64::<LittleEndian>().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(data_size, expected_data_length);
-    cursor.seek(SeekFrom::Current(ds64_size as i64 - 16)).unwrap();
+    cursor
+        .seek(SeekFrom::Current(ds64_size as i64 - 16))
+        .unwrap();

    assert_eq!(cursor.read_fourcc().unwrap(), FMT__SIG);
    let fmt_size = cursor.read_u32::<LittleEndian>().unwrap();
-    cursor.seek(SeekFrom::Current((fmt_size + fmt_size % 2) as i64)).unwrap();
-    
+    cursor
+        .seek(SeekFrom::Current((fmt_size + fmt_size % 2) as i64))
+        .unwrap();
+
    assert_eq!(cursor.read_fourcc().unwrap(), ELM1_SIG);
    let elm1_size = cursor.read_u32::<LittleEndian>().unwrap();
-    let data_start = cursor.seek(SeekFrom::Current((elm1_size + elm1_size % 2) as i64)).unwrap();
-    
-    assert!((data_start + 8) % 0x4000 == 0, "data content start is not aligned, starts at {}", data_start + 8);
+    let data_start = cursor
+        .seek(SeekFrom::Current((elm1_size + elm1_size % 2) as i64))
+        .unwrap();
+
+    assert!(
+        (data_start + 8) % 0x4000 == 0,
+        "data content start is not aligned, starts at {}",
+        data_start + 8
+    );
    assert_eq!(cursor.read_fourcc().unwrap(), DATA_SIG);
    assert_eq!(cursor.read_u32::<LittleEndian>().unwrap(), 0xFFFF_FFFF);
    cursor.seek(SeekFrom::Current(data_size as i64)).unwrap();

-    assert_eq!(4 + 8 + ds64_size as u64 + 8 + data_size + 8 + fmt_size as u64 + 8 + elm1_size as u64, form_size)
-}
+    assert_eq!(
+        4 + 8 + ds64_size as u64 + 8 + data_size + 8 + fmt_size as u64 + 8 + elm1_size as u64,
+        form_size
+    )
+}
--- a/tests/ffprobe_media_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/ffprobe_media_tests.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-
 extern crate serde_json;
 use core::fmt::Debug;
-use serde_json::{Value, from_str};
+use serde_json::{from_str, Value};
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::Read;

@@ -13,43 +12,42 @@ use bwavfile::WaveReader;
 // as read by `WaveReader`.

 // This is rickety but we're going with it
-fn assert_match_stream<T>(stream_key: &str, 
-                    other: impl Fn(&mut WaveReader<File>) -> T)
-                    where T: PartialEq + Debug,
-                          T: Into<Value>
-                    {
-
+fn assert_match_stream<T>(stream_key: &str, other: impl Fn(&mut WaveReader<File>) -> T)
+where
+    T: PartialEq + Debug,
+    T: Into<Value>,
+{
    let mut json_file = File::open("tests/ffprobe_media_tests.json").unwrap();
    let mut s = String::new();
    json_file.read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
-    if let Value::Array(v) = from_str(&mut s).unwrap() { /* */
+    if let Value::Array(v) = from_str(&mut s).unwrap() {
+        /* */
        v.iter()
-            .filter(|value| {
-                !value["format"]["filename"].is_null()
-            })
+            .filter(|value| !value["format"]["filename"].is_null())
            .for_each(|value| {
-                let filen : &str = value["format"]["filename"].as_str().unwrap();
-                let json_value : &Value = &value["streams"][0][stream_key];
-                let mut wavfile = WaveReader::open(filen).unwrap();
+                let filen: &str = value["format"]["filename"].as_str().unwrap();
+                let json_value: &Value = &value["streams"][0][stream_key];
+                let mut wavfile = WaveReader::open_unbuffered(filen).unwrap();
                let wavfile_value: T = other(&mut wavfile);
-                println!("asserting {} for {}",stream_key, filen);
+                println!("asserting {} for {}", stream_key, filen);
                assert_eq!(Into::<Value>::into(wavfile_value), *json_value);
-
            })
    }
-} 
+}

 #[test]
-fn test_frame_count() {    
-    assert_match_stream("duration_ts", |w| w.frame_length().unwrap() );
+fn test_frame_count() {
+    assert_match_stream("duration_ts", |w| w.frame_length().unwrap());
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_sample_rate() {
-    assert_match_stream("sample_rate", |w| format!("{}", w.format().unwrap().sample_rate) );
+    assert_match_stream("sample_rate", |w| {
+        format!("{}", w.format().unwrap().sample_rate)
+    });
 }

 #[test]
 fn test_channel_count() {
-    assert_match_stream("channels", |w| w.format().unwrap().channel_count );
+    assert_match_stream("channels", |w| w.format().unwrap().channel_count);
 }
--- a/tests/integration_test.rs
+++ b/tests/integration_test.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 extern crate bwavfile;

-use bwavfile::WaveReader;
+use bwavfile::ChannelMask;
 use bwavfile::Error;
-use bwavfile::{ ChannelMask}; 
+use bwavfile::WaveReader;
+use bwavfile::I24;

 #[test]
 fn test_open() {
    let path = "tests/media/ff_silence.wav";

    match WaveReader::open(path) {
-        Ok(_) => {
-            ()
-        }, 
+        Ok(_) => (),
        Err(x) => {
            assert!(false, "Opened error.wav with unexpected error {:?}", x)
        }
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ fn test_open() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn test_format_silence() -> Result<(),Error> {
+fn test_format_silence() -> Result<(), Error> {
    let path = "tests/media/ff_silence.wav";

    let mut w = WaveReader::open(path)?;
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ fn test_format_silence() -> Result<(),Error> {
    assert_eq!(format.sample_rate, 44100);
    assert_eq!(format.channel_count, 1);
    assert_eq!(format.tag as u16, 1);
-    Ok( () )
+    Ok(())
 }

 #[test]
@@ -44,18 +43,18 @@ fn test_format_error() {
 }

 #[test]
-fn test_frame_count() -> Result<(),Error> {
+fn test_frame_count() -> Result<(), Error> {
    let path = "tests/media/ff_silence.wav";

    let mut w = WaveReader::open(path)?;
    let l = w.frame_length()?;
    assert_eq!(l, 44100);

-    Ok( () )
+    Ok(())
 }

 #[test]
-fn test_minimal_wave()  {
+fn test_minimal_wave() {
    let path = "tests/media/ff_silence.wav";

    let mut w = WaveReader::open(path).expect("Failure opening file");
@@ -82,18 +81,16 @@ fn test_read() {
    let path = "tests/media/audacity_16bit.wav";

    let mut w = WaveReader::open(path).expect("Failure opening test file");
-    let mut buffer = w.format().unwrap().create_frame_buffer();
+    let mut buffer = w.format().unwrap().create_frame_buffer::<i16>(1);

    let mut reader = w.audio_frame_reader().unwrap();

-    
-
-    assert_eq!(reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[0], -2823_i32);
-    assert_eq!(reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[0], 2012_i32);
-    assert_eq!(reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[0], 4524_i32); 
+    assert_eq!(reader.read_frames(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buffer[0], -2823_i16);
+    assert_eq!(reader.read_frames(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buffer[0], 2012_i16);
+    assert_eq!(reader.read_frames(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buffer[0], 4524_i16);
 }

 #[test]
@@ -101,21 +98,21 @@ fn test_locate_multichannel_read() {
    let path = "tests/media/ff_pink.wav";

    let mut w = WaveReader::open(path).expect("Failure opening test file");
-    let mut buffer = w.format().unwrap().create_frame_buffer();
+    let mut buffer = w.format().unwrap().create_frame_buffer::<I24>(1);

    let mut reader = w.audio_frame_reader().unwrap();

-    assert_eq!(reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[0], 332702_i32);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[1], 3258791_i32);
-    assert_eq!(reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[0], -258742_i32); // 0x800000 = 8388608 // 8129866 - 8388608
-    assert_eq!(buffer[1], 0x0D7EF9_i32);
+    assert_eq!(reader.read_frames(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buffer[0], I24::from(332702));
+    assert_eq!(buffer[1], I24::from(3258791));
+    assert_eq!(reader.read_frames(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buffer[0], I24::from(-258742)); // 0x800000 = 8388608 // 8129866 - 8388608
+    assert_eq!(buffer[1], I24::from(0x0D7EF9));

    assert_eq!(reader.locate(100).unwrap(), 100);
-    assert_eq!(reader.read_integer_frame(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[0], 0x109422_i32);
-    assert_eq!(buffer[1], -698901_i32); // 7689707 - 8388608
+    assert_eq!(reader.read_frames(&mut buffer).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buffer[0], I24::from(0x109422));
+    assert_eq!(buffer[1], I24::from(-698901)); // 7689707 - 8388608
 }

 #[test]
@@ -126,10 +123,10 @@ fn test_channels_stereo() {
    let channels = w.channels().unwrap();

    assert_eq!(channels.len(), 2);
-    assert_eq!(channels[0].index,0);
-    assert_eq!(channels[1].index,1);
-    assert_eq!(channels[0].speaker,ChannelMask::FrontLeft);
-    assert_eq!(channels[1].speaker,ChannelMask::FrontRight);
+    assert_eq!(channels[0].index, 0);
+    assert_eq!(channels[1].index, 1);
+    assert_eq!(channels[0].speaker, ChannelMask::FrontLeft);
+    assert_eq!(channels[1].speaker, ChannelMask::FrontRight);
 }

 #[test]
@@ -140,8 +137,8 @@ fn test_channels_mono_no_extended() {
    let channels = w.channels().unwrap();

    assert_eq!(channels.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(channels[0].index,0);
-    assert_eq!(channels[0].speaker,ChannelMask::FrontCenter);
+    assert_eq!(channels[0].index, 0);
+    assert_eq!(channels[0].speaker, ChannelMask::FrontCenter);
 }

 #[test]
@@ -152,20 +149,21 @@ fn test_channels_stereo_no_fmt_extended() {
    let channels = w.channels().unwrap();

    assert_eq!(channels.len(), 2);
-    assert_eq!(channels[0].index,0);
-    assert_eq!(channels[1].index,1);
-    assert_eq!(channels[0].speaker,ChannelMask::FrontLeft);
-    assert_eq!(channels[1].speaker,ChannelMask::FrontRight);
+    assert_eq!(channels[0].index, 0);
+    assert_eq!(channels[1].index, 1);
+    assert_eq!(channels[0].speaker, ChannelMask::FrontLeft);
+    assert_eq!(channels[1].speaker, ChannelMask::FrontRight);
 }

-//See issue 6 and 7
+///See issue 6 and 7
 #[test]
 fn test_frame_reader_consumes_reader() {
    // Issue #6
-    use bwavfile::WaveFmt;
-    use bwavfile::AudioFrameReader;
+    use bwavfile::{AudioFrameReader, WaveFmt};
    use std::fs::File;
-    fn from_wav_filename(wav_filename: &str) -> Result<(WaveFmt, AudioFrameReader<File>), ()> {
+    fn from_wav_filename(
+        wav_filename: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(WaveFmt, AudioFrameReader<std::io::BufReader<File>>), ()> {
        if let Ok(mut r) = WaveReader::open(&wav_filename) {
            let format = r.format().unwrap();
            let frame_reader = r.audio_frame_reader().unwrap();
@@ -176,4 +174,48 @@ fn test_frame_reader_consumes_reader() {
    }

    let _result = from_wav_filename("tests/media/pt_24bit_stereo.wav").unwrap();
-}
+}
+
+///See to PR#10
+#[test]
+fn test_cue_read_sounddevices() {
+    let mut f = WaveReader::open("tests/media/sounddevices_6_cue_points.wav").unwrap();
+    let cue_points = f.cue_points().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(cue_points.len(), 6);
+
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[0].frame, 0);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[0].length, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[0].label, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[0].note, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[0].offset, 90112);
+
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[1].frame, 0);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[1].length, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[1].label, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[1].note, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[1].offset, 176128);
+
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[2].frame, 0);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[2].length, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[2].label, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[2].note, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[2].offset, 237568);
+
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[3].frame, 0);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[3].length, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[3].label, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[3].note, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[3].offset, 294912);
+
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[4].frame, 0);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[4].length, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[4].label, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[4].note, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[4].offset, 380928);
+
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[5].frame, 0);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[5].length, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[5].label, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[5].note, None);
+    assert_eq!(cue_points[5].offset, 385024);
+}
--- a/tests/test_media.tgz
+++ b/tests/test_media.tgz
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Jamie Hardt	8e341990fa	Rustfmt	2024-12-10 17:41:50 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	2dfddff0b5	Update Cargo.toml Nudge version	2023-06-02 21:04:12 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	aa8365a38d	Documentation	2023-06-02 20:37:44 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	b8a428e757	Documentation and exposure Documentation in the fmt module has been improved. ReadWaveData trait is now public. The	2023-06-02 11:06:53 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	c1d2b2c836	Documentation fixes. Made a trait public.	2023-06-02 09:53:23 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	f41b7ea575	Update lib.rs	2023-06-02 08:53:27 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	9a62bdc375	Update issue templates	2023-06-02 08:47:38 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	368ef4366d	Delete bwavefile.code-workspace	2023-06-02 08:42:55 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	bfa51a4e4c	Update issue templates	2023-06-02 08:42:27 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	4270dc9866	Merge pull request #16 from iluvcapra/release Committing lock file	2023-05-26 22:31:27 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	92d76289e4	Update README.md	2023-05-26 12:29:28 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	15f9a240c0	Committing lock file	2023-05-22 18:04:53 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	da2e6f61ee	Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile	2023-05-22 17:53:44 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	eff4fe199f	Update Cargo.toml Bumping version 2.0.0	2023-05-22 17:45:28 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	4e84756417	Merge pull request #14 from irh/performance-improvements Performance improvements	2023-05-22 17:44:43 -07:00
Ian Hobson	5592e87f0e	Update Cargo.toml author list	2023-05-19 11:05:22 +02:00
Ian Hobson	72fea1a493	Expose and rename the supported wave tags and UUIDs	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	bd09ed207a	Re-use the write buffer between calls to write_frames This resulted in a ~10% speedup in test runs of the deinter example.	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	3d1826007e	Avoid panics when incorrect buffer sizes are provided to read/write_frames	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	3400778991	Introduce generic read_frames and write_frames functions	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	7290d5ec81	Rework the deinter example, create writers before reading through the input file	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	0074e13bff	Avoid flushing output on each write	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	60a3eac072	clippy: Collapse nested else/if into else if	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	0c46a0e21f	clippy: Remove unnecessary import	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	8d34a517fc	clippy: Don't warn about the LUFS type name	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	86ffd4310a	clippy: Prefer `if let Some(_)` over Option::map	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	ceb8c4371e	clippy: Avoid unnecessary conversion	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	22e8dc79d1	clippy: Use a slice argument instead of the owned equivalent	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	f6f4869b5b	clippy: Avoid () as return type	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	cf5ec121da	clippy: Avoid unnecessary closures	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	7c01778029	clippy: Use .write_u8() when writing a single value	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	4e370c57c1	clippy: Use .write_all() when writing a slice	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	fc3b411717	clippy: Use .read_exact() when reading a fixed number of bytes	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	4d81ef36cd	clippy: Use the += operator	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	651009c96a	clippy: Avoid making unnecessary references	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	566ad07247	clippy: Remove unnecessary use of .into()	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	6989520743	clippy: Use Vec::get() instead of iter().nth()	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	b6c20ae410	clippy: Remove unnecessary casts	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	9eb655cd27	clippy: Remove unnecessary use of `return`	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	bbd84b7bbb	clippy: Remove unnecessary uses of `?`	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	04d282ccd6	clippy: Use Avoid unnecessary indexing in for loops	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	1234c897a3	clippy: Use stream_position() to get current position	2023-05-19 10:57:39 +02:00
Ian Hobson	313f5408ca	Update the comment in wave-deinter.rs	2023-05-19 10:57:38 +02:00
Ian Hobson	e1b93b24ad	Run cargo format	2023-05-19 10:57:18 +02:00
Ian Hobson	369d261ba0	Fix build warnings	2023-05-19 10:57:18 +02:00
Jamie Hardt	72d3c4abef	Tweaked documentation	2023-05-18 10:41:18 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	6191adf30a	Removed dead comment	2023-05-18 10:19:46 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	a69755d8aa	Fixed misspelling	2023-05-18 10:18:57 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	11d701b687	More readme tweak	2023-05-18 10:16:33 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	0fe11a48ee	Reqording readme	2023-05-18 09:54:12 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	4877aa0458	Update rust.yml Adding clippy	2023-05-18 09:23:15 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	b9fe3b9701	Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile	2023-05-13 11:02:52 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	4925f95b68	Removed old src/wavebuffer.rs file	2023-05-13 11:02:02 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	f1ec1cf43a	Update README.md master branch not main branch!	2023-05-13 10:50:02 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	30b3e83fd4	Update README.md Updated workflow shield	2023-05-13 10:43:17 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	e30d60ff0d	Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/Wuelle/bwavfile into Wuelle-master	2021-12-31 13:28:55 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	442394ad5e	Removed dead-code warnings	2021-12-31 12:57:46 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	52c26156a9	Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile	2021-12-31 12:56:11 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	4ddffa0b4a	Read trait	2021-12-31 12:56:08 -08:00
Wuelle	9a010ca0c4	prettify code	2021-12-30 21:59:29 +01:00
Wuelle	5e563cddf8	allow more types to be used as paths	2021-12-30 21:59:17 +01:00
Jamie Hardt	69fd5f310c	Fixed some typos in this	2021-09-28 13:49:04 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	a8bb5e8c8e	Update to version 1.1	2021-09-28 13:46:34 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	468ed12304	Merge pull request #10 from atoav/cuepoints Surface cue frame_offset field in UI and test for sounddevices files.	2021-09-28 13:39:09 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	a015d7cf8a	Added sounddevices test WAV And unit tests for cue metadata.	2021-09-28 13:18:07 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	e89e87045c	Merge pull request #11 from EaterLabs/misc-fixes implement basic f32le support and some other misc fixes	2021-09-28 12:30:45 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	ecc1db703d	Update Cargo.lock	2021-09-28 12:27:53 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	4cd28c9efe	Create wavebuffer.rs	2021-09-28 11:59:56 -07:00
eater	663b9fad43	derive Debug for ADMAudioID and ChannelDescriptor and implement f32 reading	2021-08-22 23:40:07 +02:00
eater	9fe741d913	implement std::error::Error for Error	2021-08-22 23:35:47 +02:00
David Huss	2ecae51e8d	Adding sounddevices testfile for cue points As described in issue #9 the function cue_points() didn't display the expected frame values for cue points created on a Sound Devices MixPre-Series recorder. The file added by this commit (sounddevices_6_cue_points.wav) is short and mono channel, but has 6 cue points in it. The expected frames for the cue points are: 0: 90112 1: 176128 2: 237568 3: 294912 4: 380928 5: 385024	2021-08-17 09:08:07 +02:00
David Huss	56dc4d1048	Try fix for cuepoints	2021-08-16 17:03:57 +02:00
Jamie Hardt	1af4c675c7	Merge commit 'a625b485d993d912556cdf72605bf7b2c48c18c2'	2021-06-23 10:21:41 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	a625b485d9	Merge branch 'candidate-v1' into HEAD	2021-06-23 10:19:48 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	d17c6badfa	Removed unused import	2021-06-23 10:18:44 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	bc6be79715	Merge commit '53fcecfc451f9d38e2b541a728ea444162d04125' into candidate-v1	2021-06-23 10:13:05 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	763e9a10a3	Merge commit 'eee3c3f62592f024dd1308edeedc1b98565bbcd3' into candidate-v1	2021-06-23 10:08:48 -07:00
Jamie Hardt	319845ae49	In progress format plumbing	2021-01-05 00:32:09 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	53fcecfc45	Nudge version	2021-01-04 19:13:47 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	6776820e16	Working, but very slow	2021-01-04 19:12:03 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	eee3c3f625	exmaple impo	2021-01-03 23:43:32 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	6375567af1	Update README.md	2021-01-03 18:41:37 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	1a169da48f	removed inapplicable code	2021-01-03 13:27:35 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	50b7b7b640	Merge commit '72d6be406e75ca0c40c134311f558cbec9c9f356' into candidate-v1	2021-01-03 13:26:50 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	72d6be406e	Twiddles	2021-01-03 13:20:04 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	814b54a6e8	Cue writing impl Needs tests	2021-01-03 13:16:47 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	e826628096	FIXME comments	2021-01-03 13:16:36 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	0a307fbf05	Removed Cue.ident field from interface	2021-01-03 11:27:49 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	e941358c8d	reorganized use	2021-01-03 11:05:02 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	c2cff2a893	Consolidated AudioFrameWriter	2021-01-03 10:49:05 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	94eb36bbb5	Merge branch 'master' into candidate-v1	2021-01-02 18:14:14 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	f2c53061dc	Made a TODO note	2021-01-02 18:13:34 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	190e8bc677	Fixed bug in decibels code, was too loud	2021-01-02 18:09:39 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	80be74c8fb	Features	2021-01-02 16:04:44 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	5057862258	Bump license year	2021-01-02 15:45:56 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	75fc40d638	Bump version and license year	2021-01-02 15:45:24 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	2780bfb31b	Structuring Readme	2021-01-02 15:44:05 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	b160284e21	Reorganized imports	2021-01-02 15:16:38 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	8d55b126ae	Examples interface Notes on Bext	2021-01-02 13:38:56 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	b1c806598e	Tweaked dependencies	2021-01-02 13:38:32 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	58e43902cd	Updated README	2021-01-02 12:30:48 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	48517c22bc	Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/iluvcapra/bwavfile	2021-01-02 12:23:14 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	634c21dc9a	Added buffered IO And updated tests to reflect this	2021-01-02 12:23:08 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	b7f82a9d63	blits example impl is basically done	2021-01-02 12:00:47 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	3b88b95065	Update blits.rs	2021-01-02 09:25:17 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	a21e17ee78	Added todos	2021-01-01 23:20:39 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	e495ad704e	Added CLI options	2021-01-01 23:13:17 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	bbab81746f	Twiddle varname silence error	2021-01-01 22:37:01 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	ca1d5eb714	Goofing around with examples	2021-01-01 22:36:08 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	e652722250	Update dependencies Added docopt	2021-01-01 22:04:00 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	d0b4582dca	More docs, example ideas	2021-01-01 21:59:53 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	4a0a9b7ec1	Update blits.rs TODO note	2021-01-01 21:51:58 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	a851ed7a7f	Blits file generator implementation	2021-01-01 21:49:42 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	fc21173312	Renamed example	2021-01-01 21:32:01 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	350599411f	Fixed WaveFmt writing for extended	2021-01-01 21:31:44 -08:00
Jamie Hardt	ec462a0b96	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/release'	2021-01-01 12:42:51 -08:00